Transcript Descriptive Grammar of English Part 1: Phonetics and Phonology dr Iwona Kokorniak (with contribution from dr Jarosław Weckwerth) 25th September 2008 English nasals: Voicing All voiced! The nasals /m/ voiced bilabial.

Descriptive Grammar
of English
Part 1:
Phonetics
and Phonology
dr Iwona Kokorniak
(with contribution from dr Jarosław Weckwerth)
25th September 2008
English nasals: Voicing
All voiced!
2
The nasals
/m/ voiced bilabial nasal
/n/ voiced alveolar nasal
/ŋ/ voiced velar nasal
3
The velar nasal in English
bank /bæŋk/ no /k/ or /g/
at the end!!!
sink /sɪŋk/
bang /bæŋ/
but
sing /sɪŋ/
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Oral and nasal stops
5
Velic vs. velar closure
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Approximants: Articulation
The active articulator approaches
the passive articulator...
...but the opening is quite wide...
...and no friction results
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The approximants
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English approximants
/l r w j/
wait /weɪt/
yes /jes/
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The approximants
/j/ voiced palatal approximant
/w/ voiced labio-velar approximant
/r/ voiced retroflex approximant
/l/ voiced alveolar approximant
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Eng. approximants – Voicing
All voiced!
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The lateral
/l/
Full contact between the
tongue tip and the alveolar
ridge
But air escapes along the sides
of the tongue
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The lateral stop/approximant?
Full contact: stop
Sides of the tongue approach
the palate: approximant
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The rhotic
/r/
Post-alveolar approximant
Standard IPA symbol:
[ɹ]
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Retroflex /r/
In some varieties of English, esp.
AmEng
The tip of the tongue may be
curled up
Called retroflex /r/
[ ɻ ]
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Retroflex /r/
[ɹ]
[ ɻ ]
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Rhoticity
Standard British English,
Australian, New Zealand etc.
are non-rhotic
/r/ pronounced
only before a vowel
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All varieties
/raɪt/
pride /praɪd/
bury /'beri/
right
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Non-rhotic varieties
/kɑː/
stored /stɔːd/
word /wɜːd/
car
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Rhotic varieties
Standard American, Canadian,
Scottish, Irish, etc. are rhotic
/r/ pronounced
wherever it’s spelled
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Semivowels
/j w/
Artic. very similar to /i:
u:/
But only used before vowels
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Where /j/ is transcribed
/jʌŋ/
beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/
AmEng /bɪˈjɑ:nd/
young
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Where /w/ is transcribed
/wʌn/
rewind /rɪˈwaɪnd/
one / won
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But not after vowels
/maɪ/
how /haʊ/
my
NOT
NOT
/maj/
/haw/
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Polish vs. English consonants
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Polish affricates: Zillions!
cech /tsex/
wodza /ˈvɔdza/
cieć /tɕetɕ/
dzieci /ˈdʑetɕi/
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Why is it good to know?
/h/ glottal
Polish /x/ velar
chata /'xata/
English
Different!!!
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More Polish fricatives
Alveolo-palatal
miś /miɕ/ maź /maɕ/
ziele /ˈʑele/
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The velar nasal in Polish
ręka /'reŋka/
gęgać /'geŋgatɕ/
bąk /bɔŋk/
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Additional Polish nasal
Palatal
niania /'ɲaɲa/
koń /kɔɲ/
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Compare!
Velar
Eng, Pol
Palatal
Pol only
ŋ
ɲ
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Polish vs. English consonants examples
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