Transcript A Century of Rehabilitation Reviewing the Past Foreseeing the Future Pat Carlen UK (University of Kent) Rehabilitation *the return *of a lawbreaker *or ex-prisoner to *civil society *with an enhanced capacity to lead a.

A Century of
Rehabilitation
Reviewing the Past
Foreseeing the Future
Pat Carlen
UK
(University of Kent)
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Rehabilitation
*the return
*of a lawbreaker
*or ex-prisoner
to
*civil society
*with an enhanced capacity to
lead a law-abiding life in future
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Sentencing
• Justice Model >
Justice
through punishment
• Welfare Model >
Crime Reduction
through Rehabilitation
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Strategy
• Dimensions of Rehabilitation
• Recurring Questions
• Dystopias and Utopias
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Dimensions of
Rehabilitation
Dimension
Rehabilitative Aim
Examples
Assumptions
Formal/Legal
Reduce stigma of
criminal conviction
UK Rehabilitation
of Offenders’ Acts
Equality before law:
lawbreakers/errant citizens
Psychological
Psychiatrical
Psychoanalytical
Change lawbreakers’
attitudes, habits,
cognitions
•Behaviour
modification
•Therapy
•Re-education
•Programming
Crime result of faulty
organism, damaged psyche
or faulty cognitions
Social Welfare
Increase social provision
for ex-prisoners
Specialist housing,
education
Crime result of adverse
social circumstances e.g.
poverty, homelessness
Psycho-Social
Increase access to
social provision for exprisoners
Probation. Group
therapy
Lawbreaker cannot see a
lawful solution to adverse
social circumstances
Community
Corrections:
‘Popular
Justice’ and
‘therapy for
citizenship
models
Repair breach between
lawbreaker and
Community. Strengthen
Citizenship/Community
Ties.
Restorative Justice
Drug courts
Day Centres
Education
Re-Education
Parenting Classes
Desistance from crime and
increase in inclusionary ties
result more from strength of
personal relationships than
from exclusionary sanctions
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RECURRING THEMES
• WHO is to be Rehabilitated?
• Relationships between Social
Justice and Criminal Justice?
• Rehabilitation and Reparation?
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Rehabilitation:
A Dystopian Future
Increase in Exclusionary Rehabilitation via Imprisonment
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rehabilitation of offender as worker rather than as citizen
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rehabilitation focused on lower income criminals. Exclusion of higher
income and corporate criminals from both rehabilitative and reparative
sanctions
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Governments incorporate progressive language into retrogressive
policies
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Governments ignore the rule of law
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Governments fail to respond to crime within human rights
framework
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Rehabilitation:
A Utopian Future
Therapeutic Jurisprudence and
Therapy for Citizenship
---------------------------------State-Obligated Rehabilitation
and the Renegotiation and
Regeneration of Citizenship
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Therapy for Citizenship
Examples
Restorative Justice
Drug Courts
Re-Entry Courts/Ceremonies
One to One support
Friendship Circles
Support & therapy for specific types
of offenders
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Renegotiation and Regeneration
of Citizenship State-obligated
Rehabilitation and the
• Reconciliation between state,
community and offender
• State and Offender required to
recognise mutual obligations to
Community
• Rehabilitation for corporate and
higher income criminals dependent
upon reparations being made to
state and community
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References
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Carlen, P (1989) (2010) ‘Crime, Inequality and Sentencing’ in P. Carlen, P and D. Cook
(eds.)1989) Paying for Crime. Milton Keynes. Reprinted in P. Carlen (2010) A Criminological Imagination. pp198212. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing
Cesaroni, C. and A Doob (2003) ‘The Decline in Support for Penal Welfarism: Evidence of Support among the
Elite for Punitive Segregation.’ British Journal of Criminology. 43.2: 434-441
Cullen, F. and K. Gilbert (1982) Reaffirming Rehabilitation. Cincinatti: Ohio. Anderson
Publishing
Doyal, L. and I. Gough (1991) A Theory of Human Need. London: Macmillan
Farrall, S., M. Hough, S. Maruna, and R. Sparks (2011) Escape Routes: Contemporary
Perspectives on Life after Punishment. Oxford: Routledge
Garland, D. (1985) Punishment and Welfare. Aldershot. Gower
Maruna, S. (2000) Making Good: How Ex-Convicts Reform and Build Their Lives. Washington: American
Sociological Association
Mascini, P. and D. Houtman (2006) ‘Rehabilitation and Repression: Reassessing their Ideological Embeddedness
British Journal of Criminology 46(5): 822-836
Pratt, J. (2008) Scandinavian Exceptionalism in an Era of Penal Excess. Part 1 in The British Journal of
Criminology. Vol.48. 2: 119-137
Robinson, G. and I. Crow (2009) Offender Rehabilitation: Theory, Research, Practice. London: Sage
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