Transcript The European Detect and Avoid approach for UWB by Dr. Friedbert Berens, FBConsulting S.à r.l., Wasserbillig, Luxembourg WALTER/EUWB Tutorial, ICUWB2009, Vancouver, Canada, 11.09.2009 Questions: o How does the.

The European Detect and
Avoid approach for UWB
by
Dr. Friedbert Berens,
FBConsulting S.à r.l.,
Wasserbillig, Luxembourg
WALTER/EUWB Tutorial, ICUWB2009, Vancouver, Canada, 11.09.2009
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Questions:
o How does the existing UWB regulation and standard
looks like?
o What is “flexible Detect and Avoid (DAA)” for UWB?
o What are the possible detection methods?
o What are the possible avoidance strategies and
techniques?
o How do can the DAA procedures be tested and
certified?
WALTER/EUWB Tutorial, ICUWB2009, Vancouver, Canada, 11.09.2009
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Questions:
o How does the existing UWB regulation and standard
looks like?
o What is “flexible Detect and Avoid (DAA)” for UWB?
o
o
o
WALTER/EUWB Tutorial, ICUWB2009, Vancouver, Canada, 11.09.2009
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DON’T PANIC
The European flexible DAA approach
is “mostly harmless”!
But, if some detail are not clear please
ask and initiate a discussion.
This is not a scientific presentation but it
should be an interactive tutorial!
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Questions:
– How does the UWB regulation and standard looks
like?
– CEPT/ECC
– EU Commission
– ETSI
– Generic UWB regulation and standards in Europe
–
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The European Regulatory
and
Standardization Framework
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CEPT (Conférence Européenne
des Postes et
Télécommunications)
•
•
•
•
48 administration members
Electronic Communications
Committee (ECC)
Harmonisation of the use of
radio frequencies in Europe
Implementation of Decisions
and Recommendations on a
voluntary basis
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EU Commission (EC)
•
•
•
Decision n° 676/2002/EC of
the European Parliament and
of the Council of 7 March 2002
(the “Radio Spectrum
Decision”)
EC mandates to CEPT
“Technical implementing
measures” mandatory for
EU Member States
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R&TTE Directive (1999/5/CE)
o Conditions for the placing on the market of radio equipment
o Replaces various national type approval regimes by a
harmonised ex-post control regime
o Article 3.2
• “Radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively
uses the spectrum allocated to terrestrial/space radio
communication and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful
interference”
o Harmonised standards
• Give presumption of conformity to the essential requirements
referred to in Article 3 of the R&TTE Directive
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
(ETSI)
o Responsible for the development of harmonized standards
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Separated / divided responsibility with
formal collaboration
CEPT
ECC
47
National
administrations
28
European
Radiocommunications
Office
Industry
+47
MoU
EC
ETSI
© CEPT / ERO (www.ero.dk)
10
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ETSI Organization
General Assembly
Director General
Deputy DG
Board
Finance Committee
IMPACT
Secretariat
Technical Organization
OCG
Special Committees
User Group
ETSI Projects
EMTEL
ETSI Technical Committees
JEEC
SAGE
ETSI Partnership Projects
> 3500 active experts
Specialist Task Force (STF)
© ETSI 2009
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ETSIs funding is derived from:




Member contributions
EC/EFTA Grants
Services provided by ETSI
Revenue from its assets
© ETSI 2009
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ETSI TC ERM
• Liaison Body to non ETSI
Organisation (CEN, CENELEC)
• Approval of EN, TR and TS
• LS to EC and ECC
TG11
TG28
TG34
Wideband
data systems
Generic Shortrange devices
UHF RFID
TG17
TG30
TG37
Broadcast and
ancillary equip.
Wireless
medical devices
ITS
TG25
TGUWB
TG31A
TG-RX
Aeronautical
Radio
UWB for telecommunication
Receiver
Parameter
TG26
UWB
applications
TG31C
TG-TLRP
Maritime
Radio
UWB Sensor
and Tracking
Level Probing
Radar
TG27
TG
TG31B
SRR
TG-EMC
Radio Side
Engineering
UWB
for
radar
automotive
application
TG RM
TG TFES
TG
GSMOBA
TG DMR
| © Robert Bosch GmbH 2009, Michael Mahler
WALTER/EUWB Tutorial, ICUWB2009, Vancouver, Canada, 11.09.2009
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The European Generic UWB
Regulation and Standards
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Minimum Bandwidth of UWB > 50MHz
o FCC: Bandwidth larger than 500MHz
o Rest of the world similar
Main operational band with -41.3dBm/MHz
mean e.i.r.p. is 6.0GHz to 8.5GHz
o No DAA defined/needed in this band
o LDC allowed in car as alternative to TPC
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Restricted operation possible in the band
3.1GHz to 4.8GHz
o Low Duty Cycle operation in the band 3.1GHz to
4.8GHz with -41.3dBm/MHz
o Band 4.2GHz to 4.8GHz open (-41.3dBm/MHz) until
the end of 2010
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-41.3 dBm/MHz
With LDC
UWB e.i.r.p. TX power in dBm/MHz
-40
-50
-60
-70
2.5 GHz
0.6 GHz
-80
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
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8.0
9.0 frequency in GHz
17
40
-20
-30
-40
Military Radar
WLAN
-10
Military outdoor
0
WIMAX
10
Military Radar
20
Civil Radar
Power [dBm/MHz]
30
UWB
2.7
3.1
UWB
4.8
6.0
9.0
Frequency [GHz]
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Goal:
Guarantee an equivalent protection of potential victim
systems against harmful interference
Approach:
o The UWB device with DAA senses the environment
o The device estimates the isolation towards a potential victim
devices like WIMAX terminal or Radar Systems
o Based on the estimated isolation the DAA device will switch to
the corresponding protection mode (Avoid mode) to guarantee
an equivalent protection
o A continues sensing of the spectrum can guarantee a dynamic
protection
The active mitigation approach is called flexible detect
and avoid
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ECC decision (amended ECC decision ECC/DEC/(6)12) published
EC decision 2009/343/EC from the 21.04.2009 regulates the
deployment of DAA enabled UWB devices in the EU
The main parameters:
o LDC in car in the Band 6GHz to 8.5GHz
o Power of -41.3dBm/MHz in the band 3.1GHz to 4.8GHz for devices
implementing a flexible DAA technique defined by ETSI
o No DAA tests defined in the band 3.8GHz to 4.8GHz, since no BWA
systems to be protected by DAA are allocated to this bands!
 The test definition is under the responsibility of ETSI
o Threshold level in band 3.1GHz to 3.4GHz: -38dBm
o Threshold level in band 3.4GHz to 3.8GHz: -38dBm and -61dBm
o Threshold level in band 8.5GHz to 9.0GHz: -61dBm
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ETSI harmonized standard for non DAA devices with and without
LDC ready and in place:
o HEN 302 065 V1.1.1
Technical Specification on flexible DAA ready and published:
o TS 102 754 V1.1.1.
Technical Report on test procedures for DAA enabled UWB devices
ready for publication in Q1/2009
o TR 102 763 V1.1.1.
ETSI harmonized standard in progress planned release in Q2/2010
o ETSI ERM TGUWB responsible for harmonized standard
o Supported by ETSI STF 350 on DAA enabled UWB devices
o Evaluation measurements needed using real DAA enabled UWB
devices in order to validate the test procedures before inclusion into the
updated harmonized standard HEN 302 065
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-41.3 dBm/MHz
-70
1.7 GHz
Radio Location DAA X-Band
-60
No DAA test parameter defined
-50
BWA DAA
Radio Location DAA S-Band
UWB TX power in dBm/MHz
-40
3.0 GHz
-80
Frequency [GHz]
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
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8.0
9.0
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Questions:
–
– What is “flexible Detect and Avoid (DAA)” for
UWB?
– Basics
– Zone Model
– LDC
– DAA procedure
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EC decision 2009/343/EC, Annex section 1.2:
1.2 Appropriate mitigation techniques
Equipment using ultra-wideband technology shall also be allowed to use the
radio spectrum with higher e.i.r.p. limits than mentioned in the table in section
1.1 when applying additional mitigation techniques as described in the relevant
harmonised standards adopted under Directive 1999/5/EC or other mitigation
techniques on condition that it achieves at least an equivalent level of
protection as provided by the limits in the table in section 1.1. The following
mitigation techniques are presumed to provide such protection:
1.2.1: LDC
…..
1.2.2: DAA
…...
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UWB e.i.r.p. TX power in dBm/MHz
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
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8.0
9.0 frequency in GHz
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Operation mode of the UWB device which guarantees
the protection of victim services without additional
mitigation techniques
Two basic NIM operations for UBW devices:
o TX power reduction to the regulatory limits for non DAA devices
as defined in table 1.1 of EC DEC/2009/343
o Low duty cycle operation (LDC) with -41.3dBm/MHz as defined
in 1.2.1 in EC DEC/2009/343
Reference protection for the flexible DAA approach
based on the assumption of an equivalent protection of
the potential victim services
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LDC Parameter:
o Ton_max = 5 ms
o Toff_mean ≥ 38 ms (averaged over 1 sec)
o Σ Toff > 950 ms per second
o Σ Ton < 5% per second and 0.5% per hour
Max Mean e.i.r.p. power: -41.3dBm/MHz
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3.1GHz to 3.4GHz: -70dBm/MHz
3.4GHz to 3.8GHz: -80dBm/MHz
3.8GHz to 4.8GHz: -70dBm/MHz
8.5GHz to 9.0GHz: -65dBm/MHz
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3.4GHz to 3.8GHz:
o Defined 36cm mitigation distance  35dB
isolation between victim (BWA system) and
UWB device
o Interference power received at victim:
-115dBm/MHz < thermal noise at room
temperature
Interference power: -115dBm/MHz
36cm
TX power: -80dBm/MHz
Isolation: 35dB
Victim
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UW
B
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If the UWB device would know the value of
the isolation to a victim it could adjust its
TX power accordingly
o Victim device protection (“UL-detection”)
In contrast to “DL-detection”:
o Service area protection
o Independent of relative victim and UWB
device location and thus the isolation
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TX power: -80dBm/MHz
TX power: -70dBm/MHz
36cm
1m
Victim
Isolation:Isolation:
35dB 44dB
31 m
UW
UW
BIsolation: 73 dB
B
TX power: -41.3dBm/MHz
UW
B
Conditions:
- Line-of-Sight (LoS)
- No fading
- No additional attenuation
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Victim TX power: 20dBm
RX power: -15dBm
RX power: -24dBm
36cm
1m
Victim
Isolation:Isolation:
35dB 44dB
31 m
UW
UW
BIsolation: 73 dB
B
RX power: -53dBm
UW
B
Conditions:
- Line-of-Sight (LoS)
- No fading
- No additional attenuation
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Victim Signal RX power at UWB device
Puwb_free
Power
Allowed UWB TX power
Allowed UWB TX power
Allowed UWB TX power
LoS assumption
sensing
sensing
sensing
Puwb_NIM
Victim
Distance from Victim
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The UWB device evaluates the isolation to
the potential victim and adapts its TX
power correspondingly in a continuous
way
This approach is very complex
Testing almost impossible
But, it would be inline with the EC rules!
CEPT has proposed an simpler version of
the flexible DAA using discrete values
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Victim Signal RX power at UWB device
Power
Puwb_free
Detection threshold
Dthresh 1
Puwb_NIM
Distance from Victim
Victim
Zone 1
(Basic zone model)
Zone N, N=2
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Victim Signal RX power at UWB device
Power
Puwb_free
Dthresh 1
Dthresh 2
Dthresh 3
Dthresh N-1
Puwb_NIM
Distance from Victim
Victim
Zone 1
2
3
4
Zone N, N=5
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 Example BWA system
 4 Zones in flexible DAA
 Victim Noise Sensitivity:
- 115dBm/MHz
 LoS channel conditions
between victim and
UWB devices
N=4
Dthresh 1
2
•
3.5m
1
Victim
1m
45
to
55
dB
55
to
65
dB
3
65
to
74
> 74
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
9 .5 m
 [distance] = m
[isolation] = dB
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31m
Dthresh (N-1)
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Startup of UWB device:
o In secure mode, thus using NIM
o If needed sense environment or gets external
infos
o Move out of NIM only when not in vicinity of
potential victim
o Based on identified zone start non NIM
operation
o Minimum scan time is defined in regulation:
“Minimum initial channel availability check
time”
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In operation mode  no NIM
o Continuous update of zone information
o Defined maximum reaction time in case of a
zone change
o Only zone decreases are regulatory relevant
o Zone increases are important for the UWB
performance
o Regulatory parameter “Detect and Avoid
Time” defines the maximum reaction time
allowed.
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UWB Device
Power ON
UWB Operation in
Non-Interference (NI) mode
Minimum initial channel availability check time
Yes
Stay in
NI mode?
Detect and Avoid time
No
“Detect” operation
Victim
Signal > Dthresh_1
Victim Signal
Level estimation
Dthresh 2 < Victim < Dthresh 1
Signal
UWB Operation in
Zone 1
Victim
Signal < Dthresh (N-1)
...
UWB Operation in
Zone 2
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UWB Operation in
Zone N
40
DAA threshold levels
Initial Channel Availability Check Time
NIM power level
Detect and avoid time
Default avoidance bandwidth
Initial detection probability
In-operation detection probability
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Band: 3.1GHz to 3.4 GHz
NIM power: -70dBm/MHz
LDC allowed
Threshold level: -38dBm (2 Zone model)
Default avoidance bandwidth: 300MHz
Initial Channel availability check time: 14s
Detect and Avoid time: 150s
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Band: 3.4 GHz to 3.8 GHz
NIM power: -80dBm/MHz
LDC allowed
Threshold level: -38dBm or -61dBm (3
Zones)
Default avoidance bandwidth: 200MHz
Initial Channel availability check time: 5.1s
Detect and Avoid time: 2s, 15s, 60s
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Band: 8.5GHz to 9.0GHz
NIM power: -65dBm/MHz
No LDC allowed
Threshold level: -61dBm
Default avoidance bandwidth: 500MHz
Initial Channel availability check time: 14s
Detect and Avoid time: 150s
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The original EU UWB regulation gave only limited
access to the lower band (3.1GHz to 4.8GHz), the new
regulation will open the band by introducing additional
mitigation techniques
o Flexible DAA
The European “Flexible Detect and Avoid” approach can
pave the way towards a worldwide regulation using DAA
Flexible DAA delivers equivalent protection to the
potential victim systems combined with a manageable
complexity increase at the UWB device site
During the regulation process a close collaboration
between the incumbent systems and the new entrance
was the key to a successful solution
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Titel: The WALTER case for UWB
o Presentation of project results
o Standard and regulation status
o UWB research in Europe and Worldwide
Date: 6. October to 7.October 2009
Venue: ETSI, Sophia-Antipolis, France
More Infos and registration:
o www.etsi.org/  news&events -> events
The participation is free of charge
WALTER/EUWB Tutorial, ICUWB2009, Vancouver, Canada, 11.09.2009
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Thank you!
FBConsulting S. à r.l.:
–
–
–
–
European Regulation and Standardization
EU Research Project Consulting
Research in the domain of wireless system and short range device
ETSI Member
Contact:
Dr. Friedbert Berens
FBConsulting S. à r.l.
21, Route de Luxembourg
L-6633 Wasserbillig, Luxembourg
[email protected]
Tel: +352 26714319
WALTER/EUWB Tutorial, ICUWB2009, Vancouver, Canada, 11.09.2009
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Backup Slides with additional information
WALTER/EUWB Tutorial, ICUWB2009, Vancouver, Canada, 11.09.2009
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Questions:
–
–
– What are the possible detection methods?
–
–
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UWB needs to detect a signal
All detected signals need to be identified
Only relevant signals need to be taken into
account
Problem: Signal identification
o Discrimination of Spurious emissions
o Non victim systems emissions
o Etc.
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Victim signal detection (Non data aided):
o Energy detection
o Coherent detection
o Patter identification
Use of external information (intersystem and intra
system information, Data aided detection)
o Information available in existing Piconets
o Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC)
o Geolocation (GPS, etc.)
Combined/Hybrid systems
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Spectrum sensing
Signal identification using
stored information
o Pattern
o Threshold sets
o Victim Service bands
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Collocated devices
Existing piconets
Cognitive pilot channel
Geo-location information
like GPS
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Combine sensing and
external information
Most reliable solution
Exchange of information
using LDC mode
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Questions:
–
–
–
– What are the possible avoidance strategies and
techniques?
–
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In Time
o LDC, time sharing,
In Space
o Antenna techniques,
In power
o Power control, power reduction, switch off
In frequency
o Notching, sub-band switching (two band hopping, FFI), BG
switching
Hybrid solutions
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TX power
-38 dBm
WIMAX victim RX power > -61dBm
-80dBm/MHz
 avoid with max TX power of -65dBm/MHz
- 41.3 dBm/MHz
- 65 dBm/MHz
- 80 dBm/MHz
3432 MHz
3960 MHz
4488 MHz
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Frequency
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Questions:
–
–
–
–
– How do can the DAA procedures be tested and
certified?
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