Example of the Greenhouse Effect The Sun’s energy passes through the car’s windshield. This energy (heat) is trapped inside the car and cannot pass back through the windshield, causing the.

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Transcript Example of the Greenhouse Effect The Sun’s energy passes through the car’s windshield. This energy (heat) is trapped inside the car and cannot pass back through the windshield, causing the.

Example of the
Greenhouse Effect
The Sun’s energy
passes through the
car’s windshield.
This energy (heat)
is trapped inside
the car and cannot
pass back through
the windshield,
causing the inside
of the car to warm
up.
Earth’s Atmospheric Gases
Nitrogen (N2)
Oxygen (O2)
Argon (Ar)
Non>99%
Greenhouse
Gases
Water (H2O)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Greenhouse
<1%
Gases
Sun
Runaway Greenhouse Effect
• 97% carbon dioxide
• 3% nitrogen
• Water & sulfuric acid
clouds
• Temperature:
860°F
Venus
How Global Warming Works
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Greenhouse
Burning
This traps
fossil
more
gases
fuels
heat
trap
(coal,
and
heat
oil,
causes
from
the
natural
sun
theand
gas)
planet
keep
increases
toour
get planet
warmer.
CO2 levels.
warm
How is global warming
measured?
Ice Core Data
CO2 Measurements Before 1958 - Antarctica
CO2 Atmospheric
Measurements
CO2 Measurements Since 1958 – Mauna Loa, Hawaii
Global Warming Myths
Just like with other things that
involve responsibility and
money...,any myths are created
to deflect the blame
Global Warming Has Stopped?
NO IT HAS NOT!
1366.8
1366.6
0.6
0.4
1366.4
1366.2
1366.0
0.2
0.0
1365.8
1365.6
1365.4
1365.2
-0.2
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year
Solar Irradiance (W/m2)
D Mean Temperature (°C)
0.8
Global Warming is Caused by Sunspots?
NO IT DOES NOT CORRELATE!
250
D Mean Temperature (°C)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
150
0.0
100
-0.2
50
-0.4
-0.6
1880
1900
1920
1940
Year
1960
1980
2000
0
Sunspots
200
Global Warming is Caused by GCR?
1.0
4600
0.8
4400
4200
0.6
4000
0.4
3800
0.2
3600
0.0
3400
-0.2
3200
-0.4
1950
1960
1970
1980
Year
1990
2000
3000
2010
Gamma Cosmic Rays
D Mean Temperature (°C)
NO IT DOES NOT CORRELATE EITHER!
Global Warming Primarily Impacts the Northern Hemisphere?
FALSE!
Global Warming Primarily Impacts the Land
FALSE!
Temperature Change (°C)
Northern vs. Southern Latitude
Land vs. Ocean
1.0
0.8
0.6
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
1920
1960
Year
2000
1920
1960
Year
2000
Global Warming is Due to Heat from the Cities?
NOT TRUE!
2009 Temperature Changes Compared to 1951-1980
-4.1
-4
-2
-1
-.5
-.2
.2
.5
1
2
4
4.1
Carbon Dioxide Cause Global
Climate Change
CO2 (ppm)
420
Carbon Dioxide Levels
CO2 (ppm)
370
320
Muana Loa Readings
CO2 Levels Since 1958
370
350
330
310
40 30 20 10 0
270
220
Dome Concordia
170 600000
Vostok Ice Core
400000
200000
Time (YBP)
0
Carbon (109 metric tons)
Volcanoes Put Out More CO2 Than Fossil Fuel Burning?
NO THEY DO NOT!
10
8
6
4
2
0
Volcanoes
Fossil Fuel
Carbon Footprint
National Carbon Emissions
Metric Tons per Year
• 2007
– China
– United States
– India
6,538,367,000
5,838,381,000
1,612,362,000
• 2009
– United States
– China
– Russia
5,762,050,000
3,473,600,000
1,540,360,000
Pounds of Carbon Dioxide
• ___ tons CO2 X 2205 lbs/ton = ___lbs CO2
• ___ tons CO2 X 556200 L/ton = ___L CO2
• ___ tons CO2 X 770 lbs/ton = ___lbs Coal
500 lbs.
of coal
Portage Glacier
• Alaska
1914
2004
40
6
320
20
4
300
20
280
-20
0
260
-40
-2
240
-60
-4
CO2 (ppmv)
Sea Level
Relative
Temperature
CO
CO
Vs.Temperature
Sea Level
2 2Vs.
220
-80
-6
-100
-8
200
-120
-10
180
500000
400000
300000
200000
Time (ybp)
100000
0
Rohling et al. 2009. Antarctic temperature and global sea level closely coupled over the last five glacial cycles. Nature Geoscience 2:500.
Global
Warming:
Shifting Gears
Billions of Metric Tons Carbon
Goal:
Reductions in
2007
CO2 Per Year
of Metric
Billions
Carbon Tons Carbon
Gigaton
Our Goal
2007
Reductions
in CO2
Per Year
Produce electricity
efficiently
Use electricity
efficiently
Vehicle efficiency
Solar and Wind
Power
Biofuels
Carbon capture
and storage
What’s being done now to
reduce our emissions?
Wind Power
Solar Power
Fuel-Efficiency
What can you do to help
solve the problem?
Simple Things To Do
Turn off your computer or the TV
when you’re not using it.
Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy.
Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or
curtains.
Turn off the lights when you leave a room.
Use compact fluorescent bulbs.
Be Bulb Smart—Use CFLs
Incandescent
What’s the
difference?
Compact
Fluorescent
500 lbs.
of coal
•1,430 lbs. CO2 pollution avoided
•$30 saved
Simple Things To Do
Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up
the air conditioning. Or use a fan.
Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning
up the heat.
Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on
your AC and furnace clean.
Walk short distances instead of asking for a
ride in the car.
Plant a tree.
Recycle.