Transcript MBRS Watershed Hydrology Río Motagua, Río Chamelecón and Río Ulúa Paul Kirshen & Ned Spang.

MBRS Watershed Hydrology
Río Motagua, Río Chamelecón and
Río Ulúa
Paul Kirshen & Ned Spang
Watersheds
“an area of land within which all waters flow to
a single river system”
---Heathcote 1998
“the specific land area that drains water into a
river system or other body of water”
---The World Bank
Features of a Typical Watershed
Overland
flow
Groundwater
flow
Reef
 Countries: Guatemala,
Honduras
 Watershed Area:
12,670km2
Río Motagua
 Guatemala: 10,529 km2
 Honduras: 2,141km^2
 Average Annual
Precipitation: 1,400 mm
 Length: 487 km
 Average Discharge:
530m^3/sec
Source: Gulf of Honduras: Preliminary Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis, Final Draft
(August 2003) Abt Associates/ Woods Hole Group, Global Environment Facility--InterAmerican Development Bank Project Development Facility (PDF-B), pp. 5-6.
Photo Source: www.guate360.com/galeria/postcards.php
Río Motagua: Monthly Flow
Hydrograph - 2004 (Morales)
Average Flow (m^3/s)
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Resumen De Estaciones Hidrometricas De La Republica De Guatemala, (2005) INSIVUMEH,
Guatemala.
Río Motagua: Water Use/Availability
Source: Vorosmarty, C. J., P. Green, J. Salisbury and R. B. Lammers. 2000. Global water resources:
vulnerability from climate change and population growth, Science, 289: 284-288.
Water Quality Stations
Station
1a
Rio Hondo:
-Station 1a
Rio Motagua:
-Gualán
Gualan
Puente
Orellan
a
-Puente
Orellana
Lead in Río Motagua
Gualan
Puente Orellana
0.5
Lead (mg/L)
Río
Motagua:
Water
Quality
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Sampling Date
10-Oct-03
02-Sep-03
05-Aug-03
08-Jul-03
06-Jun-03
06-May-03
08-Apr-03
07-Mar-03
04-Feb-03
Source: adapted from “Calidad de
Agua de los Rios de La Republica
de Guatemala” (December 2003),
INSIVUMEH, Guatemala
Drinking Water Quality Standard (USA)
Phosphate – P
1.8
Phosphate-P (mg P/L)
Río
Motagua:
Water
Quality 2
Gualan
Puente Orellana
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Eutrophic (0.05 mg/L)
Sampling Date
10-Oct-03
02-Sep-03
05-Aug-03
08-Jul-03
06-Jun-03
06-May-03
08-Apr-03
07-Mar-03
Source: adapted from “Calidad
de Agua de los Rios de La
Republica de Guatemala”
(December 2003),
INSIVUMEH, Guatemala
04-Feb-03
0.0
Río Motagua: Water Quality 3
Total Dissolved Solids
Turbidity
7000
Gualan
Puente Orellana
Gualan
Puente Orellana
6000
300
Turbidity (NTU)
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L)
350
250
200
4000
3000
Chronic ecosystem
effects threshold
2000
1000
Weak untreated
domestic wastewater
150
5000
0
Sampling Date
10-Oct-03
02-Sep-03
05-Aug-03
08-Jul-03
06-Jun-03
06-May-03
08-Apr-03
07-Mar-03
04-Feb-03
10-Oct-03
02-Sep-03
05-Aug-03
08-Jul-03
06-Jun-03
06-May-03
08-Apr-03
07-Mar-03
04-Feb-03
100
Sampling Date
Source: adapted from “Calidad de Agua de los Rios de La Republica de Guatemala” (December
2003), INSIVUMEH, Guatemala
Río Motagua: Water Quality 4
Dissolved Oxygen
Saturation (%)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
7
90
6
5
4
Gualan
Puente Orellana
80
Oxygen Saturation (%)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Gualan
Puente Orellana
70
60
50
40
3
30
2
Sampling Date
10-Oct-03
02-Sep-03
05-Aug-03
08-Jul-03
06-Jun-03
06-May-03
08-Apr-03
07-Mar-03
04-Feb-03
10-Oct-03
02-Sep-03
05-Aug-03
08-Jul-03
06-Jun-03
06-May-03
08-Apr-03
07-Mar-03
04-Feb-03
20
Sampling Date
Source: adapted from “Calidad de Agua de los Rios de La Republica de Guatemala” (December
2003), INSIVUMEH, Guatemala
Motagua: Conclusions
 Findings & Stresses:
 Sufficient water quantity to
meet needs
 Natural hydrology: peak
rainfall conducive to high
levels of erosion
 Even the limited water quality
shows water quality stress and
the value of water quality
sampling
 Potential exists for future water
quality problems from point
and non-point source threats
 Climate Change?
 Interventions:
 Expand water quantity and
quality monitoring
 Manage land use to respond
to present and potential
water quality threats
 Ensure effective
management of wastewater
 Harmonization of
transboundary water
management
Río Chamelecón
 Countries: Honduras
 Watershed Area: 4,350 km^2
 Average Annual Precipitation: 1,445 mm/yr
 Length: 256 km
 Average Discharge: ~370m^3/sec
Source: Gulf of Honduras: Preliminary Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis, Final Draft (August 2003)
Abt Associates/ Woods Hole Group, Global Environment Facility--Inter-American Development Bank
Project Development Facility (PDF-B), pp. 5-6.
Image Source: pr.water.usgs.gov/public/ rt/hn/chamelecon.html
Río Chamelecón: Monthly
Precipitation
Average Precipitation (mm)
250
200
150
100
50
m
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M onth
Source: Adapted from GIS Data Disc Provided By Secretaría de Agricultura (SAG),
Honduras
Average Flow (m^3/s)
Río Chamelecón: Monthly Flow
Hydrograph (Chamelecón)
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
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Month
Source: Secretaria de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente (SERNA), Direccion General de Recursos
Hidricos, Departamento de Servicios Hidrologicos y Climatologicos (1972-1992)
Río Chamelecón: Water Use/Availability
Source: Vorosmarty, C. J., P. Green, J. Salisbury and R. B. Lammers. 2000. Global water resources:
vulnerability from climate change and population growth, Science, 289: 284-288.
Río Chamelecón: Conclusions
 Findings & Stresses:
 Sufficient water quantity to
meet needs
 Significant lack of water
quality data
 Potential exists for future
water quality problems from
point and non-point source
threats
 Natural hydrology: peak
rainfall conducive to high
levels of erosion
 Climate Change?
 Interventions:
 Develop effective water
quality monitoring programs
 Maintain consistent water
quantity monitoring
 Manage land use to respond
to potential water quality
threats
 Ensure effective
management of wastewater
Río Ulúa
 Countries: Honduras
 Watershed Area:
21,230 km^2
 Average Annual
Precipitation: 1,510
mm/yr
 Length: 358 km
 Average Discharge:
~690 m^3/sec
Source: Gulf of Honduras: Preliminary Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis, Final Draft (August
2003) Abt Associates/ Woods Hole Group, Global Environment Facility--Inter-American
Development Bank Project Development Facility (PDF-B), pp. 5-6.
Photo Source: http://trurl.acusd.edu/~najmici/zdjecia/pan_am/h_barbara1.jpg
Río Ulúa: Monthly Precipitation
Average Precipitation (mm)
300
250
200
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100
50
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Source: Adapted from GIS Data Disc Provided By Secretaría de Agricultura (SAG), Honduras
Río Ulúa: Monthly Flow
Hydrograph (Ulúa en Chinda)
Average Flow (m^3/s)
600.00
500.00
400.00
300.00
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100.00
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0.00
Month
Source: Secretaria de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente (SERNA), Direccion General de Recursos
Hidricos, Departamento de Servicios Hidrologicos y Climatologicos (1972-1992)
Río Ulúa: Water Use/Availability
Source: Vorosmarty, C. J., P. Green, J. Salisbury and R. B. Lammers. 2000. Global water resources:
vulnerability from climate change and population growth, Science, 289: 284-288.
Río Ulúa: Conclusions
 Findings & Stresses:
 Sufficient water quantity to
meet needs in most areas
 Significant lack of water
quality data
 Potential exists for future
water quality problems from
point and non-point source
threats
 Natural hydrology: peak
rainfall conducive to high
levels of erosion
 Climate Change?
 Interventions:
 Plan for potential
supply/demand imbalance
in eastern portion of the
watershed
 Develop effective water
quality monitoring programs
 Maintain consistent water
quantity monitoring
 Manage land use to respond
to potential water quality
threats
 Ensure effective
management of wastewater
Motagua, Chamelecón and
Ulúa: Hydrograph
500.00
400.00
Motagua
300.00
Chamelecon
Ulua
200.00
100.00
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Average Flow (m^3/s)
600.00
M onth