BELLWORK From what you already know, name the 3 major components of the circulatory system. ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage LearningDelmar, Cengage Learning.
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Transcript BELLWORK From what you already know, name the 3 major components of the circulatory system. ©©2011 Delmar, Cengage LearningDelmar, Cengage Learning.
BELLWORK
From
what you already know, name
the 3 major components of the
circulatory system.
1
©©2011
Delmar,
Cengage
Learning
2010
Delmar,
Cengage
Learning
1
Chapter 15
Bleeding and Shock
Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter,
you should be able to:
Describe the cardiorespiratory system
List the components of the circulatory
system
Explain how blood circulates throughout
the body
Explain blood pressure and pulse
3
©©2011
Delmar,
Cengage
Learning
2010
Delmar,
Cengage
Learning
3
Objectives (cont’d.)
Upon completion of this chapter,
you should be able to (cont’d.):
Explain what is meant by standard
precautions
Define the three basic types of bleeding
Explain the dangers associated with
shock
4
©©2011
Delmar,
Cengage
Learning
2010
Delmar,
Cengage
Learning
4
The Cardiorespiratory System
Includes functions of the heart, blood vessels,
circulation, and gas exchange between the blood and
atmosphere
Heart pumps blood through the body through pathways (e.g.,
arteries, veins, and capillaries)
Blood is enriched with oxygen when it passes through lungs
As oxygen enters the bloodstream, carbon dioxide leaves it
(i.e., respiration)
5
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2010
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5
The Circulatory System
Course taken by blood through arteries,
capillaries, and veins and back to the
heart
Uses blood to transport dissolved materials
throughout the body (e.g., oxygen, carbon
dioxide, nutrients, waste)
6
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2010
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The Circulatory System (cont’d.)
The heart
Two major circulations
Each has its own pump
Both pumps are
incorporated into the
heart
Heart structure
Primarily a shell with four
chambers inside
7
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2010
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Heart Facts
Right side of heart pumps blood through lungs;
left side pumps blood through the body
Size of closed fist
Weighs less than a pound
Beats 100,000 times each day!
Pumps 8,000 gallons of blood each day
8
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2010
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Structure of the Heart
Atria (2)—upper chambers of
the heart
Ventricles (2)—lower chambers
of heart
Septum—separates left & right
side
Aorta—main artery; carries
blood to the body
Pulmonary artery—connects
heart to lungs
9
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2010
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9
Order of Blood Flow
10
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The Circulatory System (cont’d.)
Blood
Only tissue that flows throughout the body
Carries oxygen and nutrients to all body parts
Transports waste products back to the lungs,
kidneys, and liver for disposal
Crucial for fluid & temperature balance
11
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2010
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The Circulatory System (cont’d.)
Plasma
Yellowish liquid part of blood
River in which blood cells travel
Makes up 55% of blood's total
volume
Also carries nutrients, waste
products, antibodies, clotting
proteins, chemical messengers,
and proteins
12
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2010
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The Circulatory System (cont’d.)
Red blood cells
Highly specialized cells
“Stripped” of everything that might
get in the way of transporting
oxygen
Hemoglobin
Picks up oxygen in areas where it
is abundant and releases it in
tissues where oxygen is low
13
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2010
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13
The Circulatory System (cont’d.)
White blood cells
Five kinds: neutrophils, monocytes,
lymphocytes, eosinophils, and
basophils
Leave bloodstream to attack
invaders @ site of infection
Platelets
Release agents to help initiate
clotting and protect integrity of the
vasculature
14
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2010
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The Circulatory System (cont’d.)
Blood vessels
Hollow tubes, running throughout the body,
through which blood circulates
Types:
Arteries: carry blood from heart
organs
Arterioles: smallest of the arteries
Veins: carry blood back to heart
Venules: smallest of the veins
Capillaries: tiny vessels that connect
arteries to veins
15
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2010
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The Circulatory System
(cont’d.)
Coronary arteries
Heart’s own system of blood vessels
Provide blood & oxygen to the heart
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Pulse Points
Principal Artery
Area Served
Common carotid
Face
Brachial
Upper arm & elbow
Radial
Arm, wrist
Femoral
Groin
Popliteal
Knee area
Dorsalis pedis
Ankle
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2010
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BELLWORK
What are the blood vessels that carry
blood away from the heart?
What are the upper and lower
chambers of the heart called?
Describe the order of blood flow,
starting in the lungs.
18
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Learning
2010
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18
Extra Credit for Chp. 14 Test
Monday, immediately after class—30 minutes
20 Fill-in-the-Blank questions ONLY!
Must make 80% or higher
Average with grade on Chp. 14 Test
15 F’s
2 D’s
2 C’s
4 B’s
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2010
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19
DID YOU KNOW?...
The average adult body holds 8-10 pints of blood—a
loss of 2 pints can have serious consequences!
It takes 5 to 15 minutes for blood to clot
If you laid out all the blood vessels in the body from
end to end, they would stretch 60,000 miles!
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2010
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20
The Heart’s Conduction System
Cardiac conduction system
Made up of specialized cells within heart muscle
tissue
Carries electrical signals to muscle cells throughout
the heart
Signals trigger muscles to contract and pump blood
throughout the body
21
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The Heart’s Conduction System (cont’d.)
Blood pressure
Systolic
Highest pressure
Corresponds to ventricle contraction
Diastolic
Lowest pressure
Represents ventricle relaxation
Avg. Blood Pressure:
120/80 mm/Hg
Pulse pressure
Difference between systolic and diastolic
22
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The Heart’s Conduction System (cont’d.)
Pulse
Target heart rate
Rhythmical beating of the heart
Range of percentages of
maximum heart rate safe to
reach during exercise
*Blood pressure & pulse rate
are normally lower in athletes
23
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2010
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BELLWORK
What is the top number in a blood pressure
reading?
What is the bottom number in a blood
pressure reading?
How do you calculate pulse pressure?
24
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Calculating Target HR
220
– age = Max HR
(Max
HR) x 50% = lowest target HR
(Max
HR) x 85% = highest target HR
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Target Heart Rate
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Body Substance Isolation
Protective equipment
includes:
Sterile gloves
Protective eyewear
Surgical mask
27
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OSHA Guidelines for Infectious
Disease Control
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC)
Monitors outbreaks of infections
Advises on how to handle and control disease spread
Standard precautions
Infection-control guidelines
Designed to protect workers from exposure to diseases
spread by blood and bodily fluids
28
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Standard Precautions
Wash hands before &
after patient contact
Place all syringes in
Sharps container
Treat blood of all
patients as infectious
Treat all linens soiled
with bodily fluid as
infectious
Wear protective
eyewear and masks, if
needed
Wear a mask if there
is a risk of infection by
airborne organism
Wear gloves
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Wound Care
Principles:
Irrigate wound with clean, cool water
Gently wash with mild soap (superficial cuts)
All foreign particles must be removed or infection will
result
Minor cuts and abrasions should be washed, dried
with a sterile gauze sponge, treated with a first-aid
cream, and covered with a sterile bandage
30
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Wound Care (cont’d.)
Proper bandaging and
dressing of a wound will
ensure proper healing
and infection control
Two primary types of
dressings:
Gauze
Occlusive
31
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Bleeding
Three basic types of bleeding:
- Arterial bright red, spurting; most severe
- Venous bluish-red, steady; less severe
- Capillary slow, oozing; easy to control
32
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Bleeding (con’t)
Capillary
Venous
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Arterial
33
*Matching Exercise*
Each group will come up with a 10
question matching exercise, using
the definitions so far in this chapter.
You must submit an answer sheet to
Ms. Tillman. Another group will
take your “quiz” for up to 5 Eagle
Points!
34
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Learning
2010
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BELLWORK
Name the three different types of
bleeding.
Name the various types of wound
care supplies.
35
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2010
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Shock
Circulation system fails to send blood to all
parts of the body; precursor to death
Main types:
Hemorrhagic shock
Loss of blood from an injury
Respiratory shock
Lungs are unable to supply enough oxygen to blood
36
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Shock (cont’d.)
Main types (cont’d.):
Neurogenic shock
Loss of vascular control by the nervous system
Cardiogenic shock
Inadequate functioning of the heart
Metabolic shock
Severe loss of bodily fluids
Heat-related illnesses
37
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Shock (cont’d.)
Main types (cont’d.):
Anaphylactic shock
Severe allergic reaction
Septic shock
Life-threatening reaction to a severe infection
Psychogenic shock
Physiological response to fear, stress, or emotional
crisis that causes the person to faint
38
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Shock (cont’d.)
Signs and symptoms include:
Restlessness and anxiety
weak and rapid pulse
cold and clammy skin
profuse sweating
pale face or cyanotic (blue)
around the mouth
shallow respirations
dull eyes with dilated
pupils
thirst
nausea and vomiting
blood pressure that falls
gradually and steadily
loss of consciousness
39
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Shock (cont’d.)
General care and treatment
Critical for the victim’s well-being
Follow general guidelines
Goal is to keep the victim from getting worse
Proper care, and reassuring the victim, will help meet
this objective
40
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General Guidelines for
Treating Shock
Maintain clear airway
Control all bleeding
Elevate extremities 12 inches
Splint fractures
Avoid excessive handling
Prevent loss of body heat
(blanket)
Keep victim in supine
position
DO NOT give victim
food or drink
Record vitals every 5 min
Keep the victim calm
Call 911 immediately!
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2010
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Conclusion
The cardiorespiratory system is responsible for
the function of the heart, blood vessels,
circulation, and breathing
Anyone working with athletes must take
preventive measures for protection against
bloodborne pathogens and other diseases
42
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2010
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Conclusion (cont’d.)
There are three basic types of bleeding: arterial,
venous, and capillary
All types require immediate care to prevent shock and
infection
43
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2010
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