Transcript Chapter 27
Chapter 27 Pediatrics Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pediatrics • Special needs of newborns, infants, children, and adolescents • The medical assistant/child relationship >> Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pediatrics • First physical examination for newborn – Newborn APGAR scoring – PKU and other testing • “Well-child” versus “sick-child” visits Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pediatrics and the TPMS • In a total practice management system, all the necessary data are documented at the time of clinical care Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Immunizations • Immunizations – Stimulates the immune system to create antibodies against pathogens – Given by mouth, injection, and intranasal spray – Preparing vaccines for administration – Recommended schedules – Considerations for vaccine administration Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Immunizations • Giving multiple vaccines at the same time Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Giving Injections to Pediatric Patients • Injection sites – Vastus lateralis – Deltoid • Injection routes – Intramuscular – Subcutaneous Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Growth and Development • • • • • • Newborns Infants Toddlers Preschoolers School-Aged Children Adolescents Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Growth Patterns • Infant/child failure to thrive – Causes – Growth hormone production • Measuring the infant or child – Consistency – Accuracy Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Height and Weight • Physical growth percentile chart – How to chart growth – Normal range of growth – Determining percentile • National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) growth charts • Aid in diagnosis of growth abnormalities and nutritional disorders and disease Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Infant Holds and Positions Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Height and Weight • Height and weight measuring devices Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Height and Weight Click Here to play the video Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Head and Chest Circumference • Measuring head circumference – Equipment used – Growth percentile chart – Average head circumference of newborns • Measuring chest circumference – Converting measurements Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pediatric Vital Signs • Temperature – – – – – Oral Aural (tympanic) Rectal Axillary Temporal artery Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pediatric Vital Signs • Pulse – – – – – Apical pulse Use of stethoscope Normal heart rate ranges for children Heart rhythm, rate Normal, bounding, or thready Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pediatric Vital Signs • Respirations – In children younger than 6, observed by the rise and fall of the abdomen – Older children are measured the same way as adults – Often irregular, and should be counted for a full minute – Normal respiratory rate ranges for children Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pediatric Vital Signs • Blood Pressure – – – – – Taken on infant at physician’s request Taken annually in children 3 years of age and older Determining size of cuff Auscultating pulse Palpating systolic blood pressure Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Collecting Urine Specimens • Pediatric urine collection bag >> • Direct urethral bladder catheterization Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pediatric Screenings • Screening infants for hearing impairment – Automated system used (tympanogram) • Screening infant and child visual acuity – Kindergarten chart – Snellen E chart >> Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Common Disorders and Diseases • • • • • Otitis media The common cold Tonsillitis Pediculosis Asthma Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Common Disorders and Diseases • • • • • Croup Pertussis Respiratory syncytial virus Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Child abuse Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Male Circumcision • Surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis • Proponents and opponents of circumcision Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.