Transcript Toulmin Model of Reasoning Backing (Clarification) Data Warrant Claim (Evidence) (Reasoning) (Conclusion) Qualifier Rebuttal (Probability) (Reservation) FIP Argument Data: Remo stayed at the vet’s with kidney failure & soon returned to die of FIP. Backing: Immune systems protect from disease. Warrant: A cat with.

Toulmin Model of Reasoning
Backing
(Clarification)
Data
Warrant
Claim
(Evidence)
(Reasoning)
(Conclusion)
Qualifier
Rebuttal
(Probability)
(Reservation)
FIP Argument
Data: Remo
stayed at the
vet’s with
kidney failure
& soon returned
to die of FIP.
Backing: Immune
systems protect
from disease.
Warrant: A cat
with a low
immune system
can contract FIP.
Qualifier:
Possibly.
Claim: Remo
contracted
FIP at the
vet’s.
Rebuttal: Unless
the virus was latent.
What’s happening here?
Line Drawing Argument
Data: We see
two cups on the
table between
the two people.
Backing: Our
experience with
coffee is common.
Warrant: We
drink coffee out
of cups in the
U.S.
Qualifier:
Probably.
Claim: The
couple is
drinking
coffee.
Rebuttal: Unless
this is in England.
Burglary Argument
Data: Police
officers saw
John leave a
house carrying
a VCR which
was not his.
Backing: The law
Qualifier:
specifically defines Beyond doubt.
responsibility.
Warrant:
Burglary means
taking another’s
property w/intent.
Claim: John
is guilt of
burglary.
Rebuttal: Unless he cannot understand his actions.
Highway Argument
Backing: We spend
a lot on safety.
Data: A threelane highway
between Hemet
and Temecula
would be safer.
Warrant: We
want to be safe.
Qualifier:
Definitely.
Claim: We
should build
such a 3-lane
highway .
Rebuttal: Unless we can
achieve safety in other ways.
Exercise C1
Data: Many
Americans
cannot afford
adequate health
care.
Warrant: When
citizens cannot
afford a vital
service, the
government must
assist them.
Claim: A
national health
care plan is
vital.
Exercise C3
Data: More
people would
have access to
[that canyon
area].
Warrant: What
benefits more
people is what
should be done
[implied].
Claim: The
canyon area
ought to be
developed.