Transcript Sound Quality Jens Blauert, Bochum Sound Quality a lecture in three chapters (I) Noise-Quality & Product-Sound Assessment: What’s the Problem? (II) Concepts Behind Sound Quality: Towards a Unified Theory (III) Sound.

Sound Quality
Jens Blauert, Bochum
Sound Quality
a lecture in three chapters
(I)
Noise-Quality & Product-Sound Assessment:
What’s the Problem?
(II)
Concepts Behind Sound Quality:
Towards a Unified Theory
(III)
Sound Quality in the Context of
Room Acoustics & Virtual Environments
Chapter I
Noise-Quality & Product-Sound Assessment:
What‘s the Problem?
- Acoustic Events and the Concept of Noise
- Auditory Events and the Essence of Psychoacoustics
- The Information Aspect
- Cognitive Factors
- Consequences
medial geniculate nucleus
auditory
cortex
inferior colliculus
cochlea
cochlea nucleus
The Human
Auditory System
cerebrum
hearing area
speech area
}
percept
coordinative
registration
concepts
sensory
objects
emotions
cerebellum
ear
muscle
vessel
The Human Listener Seen as a
Conciously-Perceiving System I
voice
auditory event (percept)
sound (b)
acoustic event
sound (a)
description
of the
percept
conciously
perceiving organ
The Human Listener Seen as a
Conciously-Perceiving System II
The ”Essence” of Psychophysics
Resonse-Moderating Factors:
Applied to the Schematic of a Listener
Correlation Factors: Physics
Psychophysics
results of Kaska et al. 1985
Psychology
An Example for Crossmodal Interaction I
The same traffic sound is rated differently
when the left or the right slide is shown.
Kaska 1985
An Example for Crossmodal Interaction II
The same traffic sound is rated differently
when the left or the right slide is shown.
May & Osman 1980
„Psychological“ Factors Relevant to the Effects of Noise
after Guski 1976
Guski`s Model: Response-Moderating Factors
Guski 1976
Chapter II
Concepts Behind Sound Quality:
Toward a Unified Theory
- A Model of the Human Subject
- The Product-Sound-Quality Circle
- Sensory Profiles
- Quality Concepts
- Elements of a Unified Theory of Sound Quality
this chapter is co-authored by
Ute Jekosch, Bochum (2003)
The ”Essence” of Psychophysics
Schematic of a Listener Involving Response-Moderating Factors
adapted from Guski 1976
suitability*)
*) adequacy, appropriateness,
fitness, aptitude.
in German: Eignung
definition by Blauert & Jekosch 1996
The Sound-Quality Circle, or:
How Sound Quality is Formed
r
r
definition by Jekosch 2000
(translation from German)
A Modern Definition of Sound Quality
adapted from Jekosch 2000
Blauert & Jekosch 2003
Auditory Quality of Systems: Towards a Unified Theory
Chapter III
Sound Quality in the Context of
Room Acoustics & Virtual Environments
-
Auditory Spatiousness
-
Quality Recognizers
-
Virtual Environments:
Plausibility vs. Authenticity
-
Expectations, Typicalness,
Functional Suitability
Aesthetic Form
-
Frames of Reference
The Perceptive Phenomena of „Auditory Spaciousness“
pioneer researchers, e.g.,
Kuhl, West, Marshall, Barron, Schroeder, Morimoto
Auditory Spaciousness in Concert Halls
The Role of Lateral Reflections
Auditory Spaciousness in Concert Halls
The Role of Lateral Reflections
Quality Ratings in Concert Halls
after Kuttruff & Vorländer 1985
binaural-activity map
pure bottom-up
processing,
signal driven
!
General Model
Structure
critical band at 500 Hz
2 noises from Φ = 30 & 3300
90% correlated
snapshots across bands
Binaural Model – Fast PC Version
video
after Hess 2004
taken at an instant t = to
from a running
correlogram
Sample Output of the Binaural Model
one frontal sound source,
sending out a musical chord
spatiousness !
Sample Output of the Binaural Model
one frontal sound source, sending out a musical chord
plus one lateral reflection
Philharmonie am Gasteig,
D-Munich,
a fan-shaped hall
Großer Musikvereinssaal,
AU-Vienna,
a show-box shaped hall
balcony
stalls
30 m
Plan of the Two Concert Halls
Mentioned in the Next Slide
running time
left < lateral deviation > right
left < lateral deviation > right
Gasteig, G-Munich
Musikvereinsaal, Vienna
Binaural-Activity Maps of the Two Different Concert Halls
critical band about 700 Hz
Binaural-Activity Map of Another Concert Hall
Tonhalle Düsseldorf, after Hess 2004
Binaural-Activity Map of a Seminar Room
IKA Bochum, after Hess 2004
The „brain“ of the system
contains explicit knowledge:
e.g., data bases, rule system,
semantic networks, transition
probabilities, domain models.
bottom-down processing
hypothesis driven
binaural-activity map
!
Intelligent Evaluation of
of Binaural-Activity Maps
Interactive Systems
Virtual Reality
The Scenario of the SCATIS Lab
Schematic of the
SCATIS-Lab
VR Generator
Some Keywords to Consider
What does
the sound mean
to me ?
recognition
interpretation
Where and how
is the sound ?
detection
perception
The Human Auditory System:
Audition and Cognition Come in Couples
Thank You for Your Attention
[email protected]
[email protected]
http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/ika
For further reading, we propose the following collection of
14 review papers , including 3 chapters on sound quality,
which has just appeared in print:
Communication Acoustics
Jens Blauert, ed. (2005)
Authors: Jens Blauert, Jonas Braasch, Hugo Fastl,
Volkmar Hamacher, Dorte Hammershøi, Ulrich Heute,
Inga Holube, Herbert Hudde, Ute Jekosch, Georg Klump,
Armin Kohlrausch, Arild Lacroix, Henrik Møller,
Sebastian Möller, John N. Mourjopoulos, Pedro Novo,
Steven van der Par.
Springer Berlin-Heidelberg-New York
ISBN 3-540-22162-X
Flyers available