מקור השם "בולבול" בערבית , ופירושו "זמיר" , ואכן הבולבוליים נודעים בשירתם . גודלם בינוני , כנפיהם קצרות יחסית ומעוגלות , לעומת זנבם שהוא ארוך ומסתיים בקו.

Download Report

Transcript מקור השם "בולבול" בערבית , ופירושו "זמיר" , ואכן הבולבוליים נודעים בשירתם . גודלם בינוני , כנפיהם קצרות יחסית ומעוגלות , לעומת זנבם שהוא ארוך ומסתיים בקו.

‫מקור השם "בולבול" בערבית‪ ,‬ופירושו "זמיר"‪ ,‬ואכן הבולבוליים נודעים‬
‫בשירתם‪ .‬גודלם בינוני‪ ,‬כנפיהם קצרות יחסית ומעוגלות‪ ,‬לעומת זנבם שהוא‬
‫ארוך ומסתיים בקו ישר או קדוד מעט‪ .‬נוצות גופם ארוכות‪ ,‬רכות וצמריות‪,‬‬
‫במיוחד בגב‪ ,‬ומכאן שמם המדעי‪ ,‬שמשמעותו "גב צפוף"‪ .‬צווארם קצר ובעל‬
‫כיסוי נוצות דליל‪ ,‬וכשהבולבול מותח צווארו מתגלה איזור קירח בין העורף‬
‫לנוצות השכם‪ .‬הצבע השולט בנוצות הבולבוליים הוא ירוק‪-‬זית‪ ,‬או צהוב‪-‬חום‪,‬‬
‫אך ישנם מספר מינים בעלי צבעים בולטים‪ .‬הרגליים חלשות וקטנות‪,‬‬
‫והבולבוליים כמעט שאינם נמצאים על הקרקע‪ ,‬אלא רק על צמחים‪ .‬המקור‬
‫קצר וחזק‪ ,‬ובזוויותיו (חיבוריו עם הראש) מעין זיפים קשים‪.‬‬
‫תפוצה בעולם‪ :‬הסוג בולבול ‪ Pycnonotus‬הוא הגדול במשפחה ובו ‪ 51‬מינים; רובם בדרום מזרח אסיה‪ .‬הבולבול הוא‬
‫הצפוני שבהם‪ .‬תפוצתו מוגבלת למזרח האיזור הים תיכוני ולחופי ערב ומשתרעת מדרום טורקיה ומזרחה‪ ,‬דרך סוריה‪ ,‬לבנון‬
‫וישראל‪ ,‬ועד לעדן ועומן שבדרום חצי האי ערב‪ .‬ב‪ 1992 -‬דווח כי הגיע עד לעירק‪.‬‬
‫בישראל נפוץ בכל רחבי הארץ רק המין הבולבול צהוב השת‪.‬‬
‫מקום תפוצתם של ציפורי משפחת הבולבוליים‬
‫שני הזוויגים דומים‪ ,‬כאשר אצל חלק מהמינים הזכר גדול‬
‫יותר‪ .‬במהלך השנה אין הבדלים בניצוי‪ ,‬שלא כמו דרור‬
‫הבית שמשנה את הופעתו פעמיים בשנה‪.‬‬
‫במשפחת הבולבוליים יש ‪ 19‬סוגים‪ ,‬הנפוץ מביניהם הוא‬
‫הסוג בולבול ‪ ,Pycnonotus‬וכ‪ 121-‬מינים‪ .‬הבולבוליים‬
‫נפוצים באפריקה‪ ,‬באסיה הטרופית‪ ,‬וגם בישראל יש מין‬
‫אחד‪ ,‬בנוסף למין המזדמן בולבול לבן לחיים‬
‫‪.Pycnonotus leucotis‬‬
‫)‪Family Pycnonotidae (Bulbul‬‬
‫‪Handbook of the Birds of the World‬‬
The White-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis). It is found in Kuwait, Bahrain,
mid and southern Iraq, southern Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, north-western
India, in parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and on the Arabian peninsula.
‫למין הנפוץ בישראל‪ ,‬בולבול צהוב‪-‬שת יש תת‪-‬שת צהוב; למינים אחרים יש תת‪-‬שת בצבעים שונים‪.‬‬
‫לחלק מהמינים ציצת‪-‬כרבולת בולטת‪.‬‬
‫הבולבוליים ניזונים בעיקר מפירות ומחרקים‪.‬‬
‫רוב מיני הבולבוליים הינם ציפורים יציבות (שאינן נודדות)‪ ,‬אבל מחוץ לעונת הרבייה הן משוטטות בקבוצות‪.‬‬
‫הקן דמוי סלסילה ומראהו מרושל‪ .‬הביצים מוכתמות בשלל דגמים המשתנים ממין למין‪ .‬הגוזלים בוקעים עירומים וסומים‪.‬‬
‫)‪Sooty-headed Bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster‬‬
The Black-headed Bulbul (Pycnonotus atriceps) . It
is found in forests in south-east Asia. It has a
mainly olive-yellow plumage with a glossy bluishblack head. The Black-headed Bulbul resembles
the Black-crested Bulbul, but has blue eyes
(though not reliable in juveniles), a broad yellow tip
to the tail, and never shows a crest (however, some
subspecies of the Black-crested are also
essentially crestless, but they have red or yellow
throats). The Black-headed Bulbul mainly feeds on
small fruit and berries, but will also take insects. It
commonly occurs in small flocks.
Black-headed Bulbul (Pycnonotus atriceps)
This is a rare gray morph of this species where the front of the body has gray coloration
against the usual yellow.
Orange-spotted Bulbul (Pycnonotus bimaculatus)
Orange-spotted Bulbul (Pycnonotus bimaculatus). It is endemic to Java, Bali and Sumatra.
It favors forest edges and open meadows in montane forests
Streak-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus blanfordi)
Streak-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus blanfordi). It is found in Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Burma,
Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Streak-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus blanfordi)
‫‪Pycnonotus barbatus‬‬
‫בולבול אפריקאי ‪- Pycnonotus barbatus‬ציפור שיר החיה בעיקר‬
‫באפריקה באיזור הטרופי אך ניתן למצאה גם בספרד‪ .‬היא נקראת‬
‫גם בולבול שחור עיניים ובולבול גנים מצוי‪.‬‬
‫מקורה קצר למדי‪ ,‬וישר‪ .‬רגליה וכפות רגליה שחורות‪ .‬עיניה בצבע‬
‫חום כהה‪ ,‬תחתית זנבה לבן או צהוב‪ .‬שירתה מורכבת משריקות‬
‫מלודיות‪ .‬היא חיה באזורים מכוסים בשיחים‪ :‬ביער ובשוליו‪ ,‬על‬
‫החוף‪ ,‬בנהרות‪ ,‬בסביבה חקלאית ובפארקים‪.‬‬
‫קנה נוקשה למדי‪ ,‬עבה ומוקף בחומה בצורת כוס‪ .‬הוא ממוקם בתוך‬
‫הצמחייה ומכוסה בעלים של עץ קטן או שיח‪ .‬הבולבול אינו פוחד‬
‫מהאדם‪ .‬הוא נראה בדרך כלל בזוגות או בקבוצות קטנות‪ .‬זהו עוף‬
‫בולט‪ ,‬הנוטה לשבת בחלקו העליון של השיח‪ .‬בדומה לבולבולים‬
‫אחרים‪ ,‬זו ציפור פעילה ורועשת‪ .‬בתעופתה היא מקפצת‪ ,‬כמו נקר‪.‬‬
‫היא ניזונה מפירות‪ ,‬צוף‪ ,‬וחרקים‪.‬‬
The Common Bulbul (Pycnonotus barbatus). It is a ubiquitous resident breeder throughout Africa. Other names
include Black-eyed Bulbul and Common Garden Bulbul.
Asian Red-eyed Bulbul (Pycnonotus brunneus)
The Red-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer)
It is resident breeder across the Indian Subcontinent,
including Sri Lanka extending east to Burma and parts
of Tibet. It has been introduced in many other parts of
the world and has established itself in the wild on
several Pacific islands including Fiji, Samoa, Tonga,
and Hawaii. It has also established itself in parts of
Dubai, the United Arab Emirates and New Zealand. It is
included in the list of the world's 100 worst invasive
alien species.
Red-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer)
Red-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer)
...‫אמבטיה טובה לא מזיקה‬
The Cape Bulbul (Pycnonotus capensis). It is an endemic resident breeder in coastal bush,
open forest, gardens and fynbos in southern South Africa. This species nests mainly in the
southern spring from September to November. The nest is thick walled cup concealed by
foliage in a small tree or shrub.
The Grey-bellied Bulbul (Pycnonotus cyaniventris). It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Burma, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Ruby-throated Bulbul, (Pycnonotus dispar). It is found on Sumatra, Java, and Bali.
This is a bird of forest and dense scrub. It builds its nest in a bush; two to four eggs is a typical clutch.
The Ruby-throated Bulbul feeds on fruit and insects.
It is virtually crestless, has a deep red throat and reddish eyes.
The Spectacled Bulbul (Pycnonotus
erythropthalmos), also known as the Lesser
Brown Bulbul. It is known in Malay as Merbah
Kecil. It is endemic to Southeast Asia.
The Flavescent Bulbul (Pycnonotus
flavescens). Its name comes from
flavescent, a yellowish colour. It is found in
Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam. The
subspecies P. f. leucops is endemic to the island
of Borneo; it is sometimes considered a full
species known as the Pale-faced Bulbul. The
natural habitat of the Flavescent Bulbul is
subtropical or tropical moist montane forests
The Stripe-throated Bulbul (Pycnonotus
finlaysoni). It is found in Cambodia, China,
Laos, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, and
Vietnam. Its natural habitats are
subtropical or tropical moist lowland
forests and subtropical or tropical moist
montane forests.
Pycnonotus finlaysoni
The Black-crested Bulbul, (Pycnonotus flaviventris). It is found from the Indian Subcontinent to
southeast Asia.
The name suggests, the head of this bulbul is black while the rest of its body is different
shades of yellow. Both the male and female are similar in plumage. One can make out a
younger bird by its slightly duller coloring.
This is a bird of forest and dense scrub. It builds its nest in a bush; two to four eggs is a typical
clutch. The Black-crested Bulbul feeds on fruit and insects.
The Yellow-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus
goiavier) is a member of the bulbul
family of passerine birds. It is resident
breeder in southeast Asia from southern
Thailand and Cambodia south to Borneo
and the Philippines.
Yellow-Vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier)
The Flame-throated Bulbul, (Pycnonotus gularis). It is found in southwest India.
This is a bird of forest and dense scrub. It builds its nest in a bush; two to four eggs is a typical clutch. The Flamethroated Bulbul feeds on fruit and insects.
It is virtually crestless, has an orange-red throat and whitish eyes.
The Yellow-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier). It is resident breeder in southeast Asia from
southern Thailand and Cambodia south to Borneo and the Philippines.
. It is one of the most common birds in cultivated areas. They appear to be nomadic, roaming from
place to place regularly.
The Yellow-vented Bulbul builds a well-camouflaged but fragile, loose, deep, cup-shaped nest from
grass, leaves, roots, vine stems, and twigs. This is a species adapted to humans and may even nest
in gardens. The Yellow-vented Bulbul lays 2-5 eggs in February to June.
The Yellow-vented Bulbuls eats berries and small fruits. They also sip nectar, nibble on young
shoots, and take some insects.
The Bare-faced Bulbul (Pycnonotus hualon)
It is one of the very few Asian songbirds
with a bald (featherless) face and is the first
new species of bulbul to be described from
Asia in over a century / The mainly olivegreen Bare-faced Bulbul is distinctive in
having a bare pink face with blueish skin
around the eyes. The species epithet hualon
is from the Lao word for "bald-headed". The
breast and belly are fawn-grey, the
uppersides olive and the throat is off-white.
Habitat
The Bare-faced Bulbul is known only from
the limestone karst region near in central
Laos. The area is characterised by steep
terrain with bare limestone and low (less
than 4 m in height) deciduous trees and
shrubs. It seems likely that the species is
restricted entirely to this habitat,
Pycnonotus jocosus
Red-whiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus). It is a member of the bulbul family. It is a resident frugivore found mainly
in tropical Asia. It has been introduced in many tropical areas of the world where populations have established
themselves. It feeds on fruits and small insects and they conspicuously perch on trees and their calls are a loud three
or four note call. The distinctive crest and the red-vent and whiskers makes them easy to identify. They are very
common in hill forests and urban gardens within its range.
The Himalayan Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucogenys).
If they are mixed with humans from a young age,
they will become friendly to humans. It is found
in the northern regions of the Indian
Subcontinent. It is found in Afghanistan, India,
Nepal, Pakistan and Tajikistan. It is the national
bird of Bahrain .
‫בולבול לבן‪-‬לחיים (‪ ,)Pycnonotus leucogenys‬נקרא גם בולבול‬
‫ההימלאיה‬
‫ראש הציפור‪ ,‬גרונה וכרבולתה בצבעי שחור לבן‪ .‬גבה וזנבה חום‪,‬‬
‫תחתיתו צהובה‪ .‬שני המינים הינם בצבע זהה‪ ,‬דבר שאינו אופייני‬
‫בקרב ציפורים‪ .‬שריקת הבובול היפה מלודית וגבוהה מחולקת ל‪4-‬‬
‫חלקים‪ ,‬בדומה לשריקת הזהבן‪.‬‬
‫בולבול זה נפוץ ביערות ובגינות שבשולי הדרכים‪ .‬לעיתים ניתן למצוא‬
‫אותו בגנים ובפארקים בהם מבקרים בני אדם‪ ,‬המותירים אחריהם‬
‫שאריות מזון‪ .‬דבר זה מזמין זבובים ומיני חרקים אחרים המשמשים‬
‫מאכל עיקרי לציפור‪ .‬הבולבול מצוי באפגניסטן‪ ,‬ערב הסעודית‪ ,‬בהוטן‪,‬‬
‫הודו‪ ,‬נפאל‪ ,‬פקיסטן‪ ,‬טג'יקיסטן וגם בישראל‪.‬‬
‫בולבול זה מכין קן בצורת כוס קטנה‪ ,‬עשוי מעשבים‪ ,‬שורשים וענפים‬
‫דקים‪ .‬הקן נבנה בדרך כלל על עץ או על ענף של עץ נמוך‪ .‬הנקבה‬
‫מטילה בדרך כלל שלוש ביצים‪ ,‬המודגרות במשך ‪ 12‬יום‪.‬‬
‫במהלך הרבייה ציפור זו לוחמנית מאוד כלפי שאר הציפורים‪.‬‬
‫בולבול זה ניזון מחרקים וחסרי חוליות קטנים אחרים‪ ,‬גרגרי יער‪,‬‬
‫פירות‪ ,‬ירקות‪ ,‬זרעים‪ ,‬צוף וביצה חיה של ציפורים אחרות‪.‬‬
The White-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis). It is found in Kuwait, Bahrain, southern Iran,
Afghanistan, Pakistan, north-western India, and on the Arabian peninsula. The species was earlier
considered a conspecific of Pycnonotus leucogenys.
This species is very similar in appearance to the Himalayan White-cheeked Bulbul Pycnonotus
leucogenys but smaller and uncrested and with a larger white cheek patch. It has a pale bare eyering. The vent is orange yellow. Sexes are alike.
It is found in scrub forest and gardenland. Also found in flocks or pairs in the mangroves, gorging
on the fruits of the Meswak bush. Usually seen in pairs or small groups.
The White-browed Bulbul (Pycnonotus luteolus) . It is a resident breeder in Sri Lanka and
peninsular India. Largely olive coloured above with whitish underparts, it has a pale supercilium
and a yellow vent. They are found in dense scrub habitats, where they skulk within vegetation
and can be difficult to see although their loud and distinct burst of calls is distinctive.
The African Red-eyed Bulbul or Black-fronted Bulbul (Pycnonotus nigricans). It is found in
Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its
natural habitats are dry savanna and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.
The Yellow-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus
penicillatus) . It is an endemic resident
breeder in the highlands of Sri Lanka.
This is a bird of jungle and wooded farmland.
Despite its restricted range, it is quite readily
found at sites such as Horton Plains and
Victoria Park in Nuwara Eliya.
It has olive upperparts and yellowish
underparts. The crown of the head is grey,
and there are yellow ear tufts and a yellow
patch below the eye. There is a white tuft in
front of the eye and the throat is also white.
The Olive-winged Bulbul (Pycnonotus plumosus). It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma, the
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist
lowland forests. The Ashy-fronted Bulbul was previously considered a subspecies.
Pycnonotus plumosus
Olive-winged Bulbul
Olive-winged
Pycnonotus plumosus
The Grey-headed Bulbul (Pycnonotus priocephalus) . It is endemic to the Western Ghats of south-west
India, found from Goa south to Tamil Nadu. It is found in dense reeds or thickets mainly near rivers and
swampy areas inside forests. They have a distinctive call that reveals their presence inside dense
vegetation that makes them hard to spot. Their taxonomic position within the bulbuls is not clear.
The Cream-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus simplex). It is found in Brunei, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist
lowland forests.
The Scaly-breasted Bulbul (Pycnonotus squamatus). It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Burma, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is
threatened by habitat loss.
The Light-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis), also known as the Chinese Bulbul. The particular
characteristic is the large white patch covering the nape and the sides of its black head. It also sings
very brightly and variably with a 'cha-ko-lee...cha-ko-lee...' sound.
Pycnonotus sinensis Chinese Bulbul, collected from a Shanghai Garden in 1939,
photographed at The California Academy of Sciences in 2007 © sharonbeals2007
Dark-capped Bulbul Pycnonotus tricolor
Pycnonotus tricolor
Dark-capped bulbul, Black-eyed bulbul
‫הקוקייה הטילה ביצה בקן של בולבול‬
‫הצבעים‬-‫שלושת‬
The Striated Bulbul (Pycnonotus striatus).
It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Burma, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its
natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
The Styan's Bulbul or Taiwan Bulbul (Pycnonotus taivanus) is an endemic species of bulbul that lives in
eastern and southern Taiwan. Though common in some areas, it has been listed as a species vulnerable
to extinction. Its decline has been caused by habitat destruction and hybridisation with the closely
related Chinese or Light-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis; the two species ranges overlap in several
areas, partly because birds of the latter species have been released for Buddhist ceremonies. The
species has already become extinct in Yilan County.
The Styan's Bulbul has a very similar appearance to the Light-vented Bulbul, but differ in the patterns on
the head. The Styan's Bulbul has a completely black crown with white feathers around its eye, except for
a black moustachial stripe below the beak.
‫בולבול צהוב שת‬
The White-spectacled Bulbul also
known as the Yellow-vented Bulbul.
Pycnonotus xanthopygos, is a small
bird, a bit bigger than a sparrow. A
stable bird that lives in fruit
plantations, gardens, cities etc. It is
the most common member of the
Bulbul family in Israel and Lebanon.
In Turkey, it is mainly found in the
coastal Mediterranean Breeding
populations are found from Central
and Southern Turkey to Western
Syria, The Lebanon, Western Jordan,
Israel, Sinai and Western.
Both sexes are similar; juveniles have
a browner hood and less obvious
eye-rings than the adults. The nest –
a small cup of thin twigs, grass
stems, leaves and moss – is generally
located in bushes and lined with hair,
shredded bark and small roots. They
can be considered as pets if raised by
humans at an age not exceeding
three weeks. When being raised,
people usually feed them with
bananas using a stick.
The Yellow-throated Bulbul (Pycnonotus
xantholaemus) is a species of bulbul
endemic to southern peninsular India. They
are found on scrub habitats on steep, rocky
hills many of which are threatened by
granite quarrying. It is confusable only with
the White-browed Bulbul with which its
range overlaps but is distinctively yellow
on the head and throat apart from the
yellow vent. The calls of this species are
very similar to that of the White-browed
Bulbul.
This uncrested species of bulbul is olive
grey above with a yellow. The head is plain
while the breast and belly have a grey
wash. The closest resembling species is
the White-browed Bulbul but this has a
supercilium and lacks the yellow throat.
The Brown-breasted Bulbul (Pycnonotus xanthorrhous)
It is found in China, Hong Kong, Laos, Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Straw-headed Bulbul
Pycnonotus zeylanicus
It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Burma, Thailand and Singapore. Its natural
habitats are subtropical or tropical moist
lowland forests, subtropical or tropical
mangrove forests, subtropical or tropical
moist shrubland, arable land, plantations,
and rural gardens. It is threatened by
habitat loss and poaching.
‫סיפור גילוי קן הבולבולים (‪(Pycnonotus jocosus‬‬
‫בחצר האחורית של ביתו של ד"ר פרסדבמיסורה‪ ,‬קרנאטאדה שבהודו‬
‫הכותרות הושאלו מן הכתבה ‪ .‬לצפייה בכתבה המלאה‪:‬‬
‫‪http://drsnprasadmysoreindia‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫גילוי הקן בשעות הבוקר ב‪ 26‬ביוני‬
‫הביצה הראשונה‪ ,‬יפה ומנומרת‪ ,‬הוטלה בשעות הצהריים‪,‬למחרת הוטלה הביצה השנייה‪.‬‬
‫הבולבול צופה בנו מצלמים את הקן ומצפה שנעזוב‪...‬‬
‫החלה הדגירה‬
‫ב‪ 10‬ביולי בקע הגוזל הראשון‪...‬‬
‫ממשיכים בדגירה‪...‬‬
‫למחרת בקע הגוזל השני‪...‬‬
‫למחרת בבוקר‪ :‬האימא שומרת על הקן כשהגוזלים ישנים‬
‫האימא מביאה אוכל לקן להאכלת הגוזלים‬
‫אחד מההורים עומד על הכבל עם עכביש בפה‪,‬‬
‫מוכן להביאו לקן ולהאכיל בו את גוזליו‬
Now comes the mystery side of my story. The following is my last picture of the baby bulbuls huddled in their nest, with
both parents standing guard somewhat as usual on the cable overhead.
‫ כשהוריהם עומדים על המשמר על הכבל שמעל‬,‫התמונה האחרונה של הגוזלים בקן‬
‫ב‪ 14‬ביולי בשעות הצהריים גילינו את הקן ריק‪ .‬הצטערנו מאד לגלות שהגוזלים אינם‪ ...‬במחשבה שנייה הערכנו‬
‫שההורים העבירו את הגוזלים למקום יותר בטוח‪ ,‬מכיוון שלא גילינו בקן סימני טריפה או אלימות‪ ...‬אבל‬
‫התעלומה נשארה בעיניה‪.‬‬
:‫מקורות‬
http://ibc.lynxeds.com/
http://ibc.lynxeds.com/search/ibc_features
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnonotus
http://ibc.lynxeds.com/search/ibc_features
http://www.warwicktarboton.co.za/Bird
:)‫לשמיעת קולות הבולבולים (וקולות כל מיני הציפורים‬
http://www.xeno-canto.org/browse.php?query
Mystery of the Missing Baby Bulbuls –
:‫מינים שונים של הבולבולים של בורנאו וקולותיהן‬
http://www.borneobirdimages.com/family
‫קלריטה ואפרים‬
:‫הנכם מוזמנים להיכנס לאתר שלנו‬
www.clarita-efraim.com
chefetze@netvision/net.il