Collaborations in Digitization: Digitizing UMBC Historic Photographs MLA Presentation 7 June 2011 Vicki Sipe UMBC

Digitization is not the end of the road 2 Digitization is the beginning of a process leading to access

Descriptive Metadata Learning objectives: Understand two primary reasons for descriptive metadata.

Learn two applications of a data dictionary.

Understand use of three controlled vocabularies commonly utilized in creating descriptive metadata for digital collections.

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What is descriptive metadata?

descriptive metadata –

metadata that describes a work for purposes of discovery and identification, such as creator, title, and subject.

http://www.niso.org/publications/press/UnderstandingMetadata.pdf

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Describing a work is a traditional focus of cataloging 5

Digitization of books is a game changer for discovery 6

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Digitization of books is a game changer for discovery With full text keyword searching… …the book speaks for itself 8

Digitization of books is a game changer for discovery 9 Fulltext keyword searching cannot discover this book based on what it is about

Images… 10

…don’t describe themselves Descriptive metadata especially important for images 11

What to describe?

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Hughes collection—what to describe?

People, places and things Metal melting furnace Broadway Recreation Pier Personal names Geographic names Types of things 13 Bridal portrait of Mrs. Mary Johnston and her flower girl

Hughes collection—how to describe? Subject analysis of non-book materials Aboutness— What is the image about? Does the image illustrate a concept?

Of-ness— What is the image of? What is depicted in the image?

Thingness— What is the image? Not all images will include all three Bridal portrait of Mrs. Mary Johnston and her flower girl Apologies to Heidi Lee Hoerman, 1998 OLAC 14

Subject analysis Aboutness— What is the image about? Does the image illustrate a concept?

Of-ness— What is the image of? What is depicted in the image?

Thingness— What is the image? Not all images will include all three Lewis Hine’s portrait of Harley Bruce 15

Hughes collection—subjects of a picture Thingness—what is the image?

black and white photograph from a gelatin dry plate negative Of-ness—what is depicted?

Monument Cityscape Aboutness—what is the image about? Soldiers Wells and McComas Battle of North Point Baltimore Wells and McComas Monument Baltimore 16

Tools to provide descriptive metadata—controlled vocabulary 17 Local Names Local Genre

Controlled vocabularies—Thesaurus for Graphic Materials 18 TGM http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/tgm/

Controlled vocabularies—Thesaurus for Graphic Materials 19

Controlled vocabularies—Thesaurus for Graphic Materials 20

Controlled vocabularies—Thesaurus for Graphic Materials 21

Controlled vocabularies—Thesaurus for Graphic Materials 22

Controlled vocabularies—Thesaurus for Graphic Materials Käthe Kollwitz, “Die Mutter” 23

Controlled vocabularies—Library of Congress Subject Headings Female workers filling and packing bottles National Ink Co., Baltimore 24

Controlled vocabularies—Library of Congress Subject Headings LC Authorities http://authorities.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&PAGE=First 25

Controlled vocabularies—Library of Congress Subject Headings 26 LC Authorities http://authorities.loc.gov/webvoy.htm

Controlled vocabularies—Library of Congress Subject Headings 27 LC Authorities http://authorities.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&PAGE=First

Controlled vocabularies—Library of Congress Name Headings 28

Controlled vocabularies—Library of Congress Name Headings 29

Controlled vocabularies—Library of Congress Subject Headings 30

Controlled vocabularies—Library of Congress Geographic Headings 31

Controlled vocabularies---Art & Architecture Thesaurus 32

Controlled vocabularies---Art & Architecture Thesaurus 33 AAT Art & Architecture Thesaurus http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/about.html

Controlled vocabularies---Art & Architecture Thesaurus Organized hierarchically in 7 facets from abstract to concrete Associated Concepts Physical Attributes Styles and Periods Agents Activities Materials Objects 34

Controlled vocabularies---Art & Architecture Thesaurus 35

Controlled vocabularies---Art & Architecture Thesaurus 36

Controlled vocabularies---Art & Architecture Thesaurus industrial photography in the hierarchy 37

Controlled vocabularies—UMBC Photography Genre List 38

Controlled vocabularies—Local Names list Names appearing in images, in caption information LCNAF headings when available Local names created as needed, form based on NACO practice Personal names Corporate names Portion of list as it appears in CONTENTdm Client 39

Controlled vocabularies—Location list Locations appearing in images, captions Based on geographic names in LCNAF Local names created as needed Indirect entry form of name Portion of list as it appears in CONTENTdm Client 40

How to structure our metadata 41 Comes loaded with: Simple Dublin Core Qualified Dublin Core VRA 3.0

Dublin Core metadata scheme 42 http://dublincore.org/

Simple Dublin Core 43 Contributors Coverage Creator Date Description Format Identifier Language Publisher Relation Rights Source Subject Title Type http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/index.shtml

Qualified Dublin Core 44 http://dublincore.org/documents/usageguide/qualifiers.shtml

Qualified Dublin Core 45

Data dictionary Many forms Provide information about data 46 Same purpose

Data dictionary used for set up in CONTENTdm 47

Data dictionary used for set up in CONTENTdm 48

Data dictionary as used by Copy Catalogers in 49

Data dictionary as used by Copy Catalogers in 50

Data dictionary—migration CONTENTdm to MARC 51

Hughes collection—record in CONTENTdm project client 52

Hughes collection—record in CONTENTdm project client 53

Hughes collection Loch Raven Dam and reservoir 54 Postcard, Magazine Service, Inc. 1920s

Hughes collection—what we have From Sleeve: Balto. Monuments – Series of 10. Key Monument – Hyatt Mfg. Co. In honor of Francis Scott Key. N214 Original caption identified as Key Monument, no location given.

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Hughes collection—what we found Orpheus with the Awkward Foot. Monument to Francis Scott Key and Soldiers and Sailors who took part in the Battle of North Point and defense of Fort McHenry in the War of 1812. Located at Fort McHenry. According to the National Park Service, this is a named statue, dedicated to more than Francis Scott Key and located at Fort McHenry.

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Hughes collection—what we found From Sleeve: Balto. Monuments – Series of 10. Post Office & Battle Monument. #13717. (Plus Drawing on Onion Paper). N209. Post Office built 1890. Replaced 1932 at same site with current post office and courthouse, Calvert Street between Fayette and Lexington Streets. Battle monument designed by Maximilian Godefroy.

Information on building allows photo to be dated with slightly more precision. Also access points 57

Uses of images—Hughes collection Street car on York Road

Caption

From Sleeve: Street car Towson #8 on York Road at Regester Avenue. Envelope marked Chas. H. Steffey, Development at Anneslie. 1922-07-11

Location

United States – Maryland -- Anneslie

Subject Names

Steffey, Charles H.;

Subject (TGM)

Street railroad stations; Street railroads; Automobiles; 58

Uses of images—Hughes collection Patron illustrates decline in streetcar ridership at time of suburban expansion Public History class project http://hughesco.blogspot.com

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Resources—Controlled Vocabularies • Art & Architecture Thesaurus http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/ • Thesaurus for Graphic Materials http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/tgm/ • Library of Congress Subject Headings http://authorities.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&PAGE=First • Introduction to Controlled Vocabularies: Terminology for Art, Architecture, and other Cultural Works by Patricia Harpring (Getty, 2010) http://www.getty.edu/research/publications/electronic_publications/intro_controlled_vocab/index.html

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Resources—Metadata • Understanding Metadata (NISO Press, 2004) http://www.niso.org/publications/press/UnderstandingMetadata.pdf

• Introduction to Metadata edited by Murtha Baca (Getty, 2008) http://www.getty.edu/research/publications/electronic_publications/intrometadata/index.html

• Metadata for Digital Collections by Steven J. Miller. Seven-week online course. https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/mll/www/ • Metadata for Digital Collections by Steven J. Miller (Neal Schuman, 2011) 61

Resources—Metadata • Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1 (DCMI, 2010) http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/index.shtml

• Dublin Core Qualifiers (DCMI, 2005) http://dublincore.org/documents/usageguide/qualifiers.shtml

• Metadata by Marcia Lei Zeng and Jian Qin (Neal-Schuman, 2008) 62

Resources—Subject Analysis • None Listed 63

Resources—Descriptive Metadata • Boydston, Jeanne M. K. “Observations on the Catalogers’ Role in Descriptive Metadata Creation in Academic Libraries.” Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 43 (2) 2006: 3-17. http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/index.shtml

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Resources—Images • Introduction to Art Image Access: Issues, tools, standards, strategies edited by Murtha Baca (Getty, 2002) http://www.getty.edu/research/publications/electronic_publications/intro_aia/index.html

• Introduction to Imaging by Howard Besser (Getty, 2003) http://www.getty.edu/research/publications/electronic_publications/introimages/index.html

• Photographs: Archival Care and Management by Mary Lynn Ritzenthaler and Diane Vogt-O’Connor with Helena Zinkham, Brett Carnell, and Kit Peterson (Society of American Archivists, 2006) 65

Resources—Images • Introduction to Art Image Access: Issues, tools, standards, strategies edited by Murtha Baca (Getty Publications, 2002) http://www.getty.edu/research/publications/electronic_publications/intro_aia/index.html

• Shatford, Sara. “Analyzing the Subject of a Picture: a Theoretical Approach.” Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 6 (Spring 1986): 39-62. 66

Resources—Data Dictionary • Data Dictionary: Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images http://www.niso.org/kst/reports/standards/kfile_download?id% 3Austring%3Aiso-8859-1=Z39-87 2006.pdf&pt=RkGKiXzW643YeUaYUqZ1BFwDhIG4 24RJbcZBWg8uE4vWdpZsJDs4RjLz0t90_d5_ymGsj_IKVaGZww13 HuDlSn6cvwjex0ejiIKSaTYlErPbfamndQa6zkS6rLL3oIr 67