Transcript Six Tensesx
Verb Tenses Tenses represent the time of the action, which is indicated by a verb. PRESENT The baby cries. PRESENT PERFECT The baby has cried. PAST The baby cried. PAST PERFECT The baby had cried earlier. FUTURE PERFECT The baby will have cried before sleeping. FUTURE The baby will cry later. 2 Present Tense: present action or action that occurs always, repeatedly, or habitually The children are ready to leave for school. David and Samuel take a bus every day. Roxana eats cereal for breakfast. Manuel rides his bike to school. Jaime fishes with his grandfather on Saturdays. The girls swim and dive at the community pool. 3 Present Tense Tip! Third Person Singular Third Person Plural (with –s) (without –s) Edgardo runs They run María swims They swim The article explains The books explain My teacher wants The supervisors want The magazine describes The authors describe 4 Present Perfect Tense: Action completed (CM) at the present time or continuing (CNG) into the present Have or has + past participle (verb + -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n He has written a text message to his friend. (CM) I have lived in Yauco for 10 years. (CNG) CNG They have been friends for five years. (____) CM Felix has broken the 10 K world’s record. (____) CM Brenda has brought a cake to the party. (____) CNG We have felt sick for two days. (____) 5 Exercises Present (Pr) & Present Perfect (PrP) Eat (Pr) Eat (PrP) Catch (Pr) Catch (PrP) Jump (Pr) Jump (PrP) Write (Pr) Write (PrP) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Juan __________ a hamburger. eats Juan __________ has eaten a hamburger. catches the ball. Yomi _________ has caught the ball. Yomi _________ jumps over the fence. Susan _________ Susan _________ has jumped over the fence. I ___________ every day. write have written every day. I ___________ 6 Past Tense: A definite completed action in the past The children left for school. David and Samuel took a bus every day. Roxana ate cereal for breakfast. Manuel rode his bike to school. Jaime fished with his grandfather on Saturdays. The girls swam and dove at the community pool. 7 Past Tense Tip! Singular Plural I ran; Edgardo ran I swam, María swam The article explained My teacher wanted The magazine described We ran; They ran We swam; They swam The books explained The supervisors wanted The authors described 8 Past Perfect Tense: Action completed before a stated or known time in the past Had + Past Participle (verb + -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n He had written a text message to his friend yesterday. I had lived in Yauco for 10 years before I moved to Lajas. They had been friends for five years when I met them. Felix had broken the world’s record before Pedro. Brenda had brought a cake to the party that day. We had felt sick for two days during our vacation. 9 Exercises Past (Pa) & Past Perfect (PaP) Eat (Pa) Eat (PaP) Catch (Pa) Catch (PaP) Jump (Pa) Jump (PaP) Write (Pa) Write (PaP) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Juan __________ a hamburger. ate Juan __________ had eaten a hamburger. caught the ball. Yomi _________ had caught the ball. Yomi _________ jumped over the fence. Susan _________ Susan _________ had jumped over the fence. I ___________ every day. wrote had written every day. I ___________ 10 Future Tense: Action that has not yet occurred but will take place in the future (uses “Will” or “going to”) The children are going to leave for school. David and Samuel will take a bus every day. Roxana is going to eat cereal for breakfast. Manuel will ride his bike to school. Jaime will fish with his grandfather on Saturdays. The girls will swim and dive at the community pool. 11 Future Tense Tip! I am going to run; Edgardo We are going to run; They will run will run I will swim, María is going to We will swim; They are swim going to swim The article will explain / is The articles will explain /are going to explain going to explain My teacher will want / is The supervisors will want going to want /are going to want The magazine will describe The authors will describe / / is going to describe are going to describe 12 Future Perfect Tense: Action that will be complete before a known time in the future Will have + Past Participle (verb + -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n He will have written a text message to his friend by noon. I will have lived in Yauco for 10 years this September. They will have been married for five years next week. Felix will have broken the world’s record for 2 years. Brenda will have brought a cake to the party tomorrow. We will have felt sick for two days tomorrow. 13 Exercises Future (F) & Future Perfect (FP) Eat (F) Eat (FP) Catch (F) Catch (FP) Jump (F) Jump (FP) Write (F) Write (FP) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Juan __________ will eat a hamburger. Juan will __________ have eaten a hamburger. is going to catch the ball. Yomi _________ will have caught the ball. Yomi _________ will jump over the fence. Susan _________ have jumped over the fence. Susan will _________ I ___________ will write every day. will have written every day. I ___________ 14 Summary 1. The present tense is used for actions in the present or actions that occurs repeatedly 2. Third person singular takes a singular verb (with –s) 3. Third person plural takes a plural verb (without –s) 4. The present perfect tense indicates an action completed in the present or continuing into the present 5. The present perfect tense uses “have” or “has” with the past participle of the verb (regular verb ending in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or –n) 15 Summary 6. The past tense indicates that an action was completed in the past 7. Add –d or –ed to regular verbs in the past tense. 8. Irregular verb tenses are tricky and must be learned. 9. The past perfect tense indicates that an action was completed before a stated or known time in the past 10. The past perfect tense uses “had” + the past participle of the verb (regular verb + -ed, -d, -t, -en, or –n) 16 Summary 11. The future tense indicates an action that has not yet occurred but will take place in the future 12. The future tense uses “will” or the proper present tense of “be” with “going to” and the verb. 13. The future perfect tense indicates an action that will be complete before a known time in the future. 14. The future perfect tense uses “will have” + the past participle of the verb (regular verb + -ed, -d, -t, -en, -n). 15. For irregular verbs, see the irregular verbs handout. 17