Transcript The Powerpoint Presentation

NEAREAST
a
breeding ground
for terrorism
Outline
•
what is terrorism
– types > efficiency > reason
•
Near East: a breeding ground for terrorism
– background
•
situation between Palestine and Israel
– poverty > deficiency of democracy
– Intifada I + II > role of religion
– perceptions and feelings
•
what to do against terrorism
What is terrorism Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
terrorism (1/4)
• there is no global definition of terrorism
• a “terrorist” for one could be a “freedom-fighter” for another
• spread of fear and destruction to achieve political or ideological goals
What is terrorism Near East
types of terrorism (2/4)
• confused individuals
• revolutionary groups (e.g. RAF)
• ethnic minorities (e.g. PKK)
• religious extremists (e.g. Al-Qaida)
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
What is terrorism Near East
efficiency of terrorism (3/4)
• they want political effect
• destroy infrastructure
• kill people
• rely on media
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
What is terrorism Near East
reason of terrorism (4/4)
• poverty
– societies divided into poor and rich
– suffering can turn into violence
– it must not, but it can
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
What is terrorism
Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
reason of terrorism (4/4)
• deficiency of democracy
– basic rights are not provided
– use of harsh violence
– democracy tries to solve, dictatorship tries to suppress problems
What is terrorism Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
reason of terrorism (4/4)
• mobilisation
– organiser: upper-class
– performer: middle-class
– use of conflicts as enhancer*
– identification with certain groups
> *enhancer - Verstärker
What is terrorism
Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
reason of terrorism (4/4)
• role of religion
– non-secular*, invokes* God
– cohesion + discrimination
– against assimilation
> *secular- weltlich | *to invoke sth - sich berufen auf
What is terrorism
Near East Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
background
• 1920: Palestine became mandated territory of GB after WWI
• 1922: GB assured to create a Jewish country in Palestine
• 1947: UN decided to create Palestine and Israel
• Arabic states did not accept Israel
What is terrorism
Near East Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
What is terrorism
Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
Poverty (1/7)
• 70 % of Palestinian live in poverty
• 220.000 families need international help
• 1 of 5 children is undernourished*
• military attacks, destroyed infrastructure, frozen tax-money
• reduction of European help after 2006
> *undernourished - unterernährt
What is terrorism
Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
country
Germany
Israel
Palestine
GDP- gross domestic product
1.700 billion
85.7 billion
3.8 billion
GDP - Per head
20.400
16.400
1.100
Inflation
1.5 %
11.3 %
11 %
22 of 177
102 of 177
UN ranking of living standards 19 of 177
• 7 times more investment in West-Jerusalem than in East-Jerusalem (occupied
since 1967)
What is terrorism
Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
What is terrorism
Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
deficiency of democracy (2/7)
• no real regime in Palestine
• PLO was founded in 1964
• 1996: first election of parliament and president
• 2006: extremist Hamas party was elected
What is terrorism
Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
Intifada I + II (3/7)
• Arabic word : “stand up”
• first Intifada was in year 1987
• second Intifada was in year 2000
• over 1500 Palestinian and 525 Israeli died
What is terrorism
Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
Israeli settlements in West Bank (4/7)
• after 1967 : forced settlements in West Bank
• settlements violate international law
(Geneva Convention, Article 49/2)
What is terrorism
Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
What is terrorism
Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
Palestinian refugees (5/7)
• 1948: 700 000 refugees fled out of Israel
• 1967: 350 000 refugees fled out of West Bank
• fled to other Arabic countries
What is terrorism
Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
role of religion (6/7)
• also a conflict about Jerusalem:
Wailing Wall, Holy Sepulchre*, Al-Aqsa Mosque
• Jerusalem should be a neutral enclave after UN
>*Holy Sepulchre - Grabeskirche
What is terrorism
Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Wailing Wall
What is terrorism
Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
Palestinian perception (7/7)
• Arabs denied state Israel already in 1947
• 80 % think violence must go on
• 46 % consider a new Palestine including Gaza and West bank
• 46 % consider a new Palestine including Israel
What is terrorism
Near East
Palestine and Israel what to do against terrorism
Israeli perception (7/7)
• Israel = promised land
• settle down and establish a new community
• Arabic states and suicide attacks cause a threat
a solution is due* now !
> *due - fällig
What´s terrorism
Near East Palestine & Israel
fight against terrorism
• uniform definition of terrorism
• need of international policy
• improve social development
• need to spread democracy
what to do against terrorism
further information
DVD: PARADISE NOW
Two Palestinian man are sent to Israel to
execute a suicide attack, but then something
happens which no one ever considered…
thanks
pictures by Steve Bent, a photograph of the Sunday Times of London. Currently he
is in Iraq. He allowed me to use his pictures for a non-commercial purpose in my
presentation today. Herewith, I want to thank him for this.
> * http://homepage.mac.com/stevebent13/Menu2.html
- special thanks to Felix T. and Lisa T. for their support -
sources
Terrorism
•
Terrorismus – Kai Hirschmann,
eva | Sabine Groeneworld Verlag
•
Die sinnlose Gewalt – Caleb Carr,
Heyne Velag
•
http://www.jochen-hippler.de
Near East
•
“Information zur politischen Bildung”
•
http://www.aref.de/kalenderblatt/mehr/israel-nahostkonflikt.htm
•
http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~ijones/Palestine.html
•
http://www.netzpunkt.de/konflikt/palaestina/land.htm
thank you for
your attention