Transcript IV - Dr. Dhruvesh P Patel

Water Resources Management
Drought Management & Water
Harvesting
Drought:
Drought is condition of water deficit sufficient to have an adverse
effect on vegetation, animals and man over a sizeable area.
Types of drought:
1) Metrological drought
2) Hydrological drought
3) Agricultural drought
4) Socioeconomic drought
Cause of Drought:
1) Amount of water vapor in the atmosphere
2) Shifting of air masses
3) Cold and warm water ocean currents
4) Mountains
5) Human activities
6) Global warming
Effects of Drought:
1) Economic:
- Loss of national economic growth
- Damage to crop quality, less food production
- Increase in food prices
- Increased importation of flood
- Insect infestation
- Plant disease
- Loss from dairy and livestock production
- Income loss for farmers and others affected
- Unemployment
- Loss to recreational and tourism industry
- Loss of hydroelectric power
- Loss of navigability of rivers and canals
2) Economic:
- Increased desertification-Damage to animal species
- Reduction and degradation of fish and wildlife
- Lack of feed and drinking water
- Disease
- Increased predation
- Loss of wildlife in some areas and too many in others
- Increased stress to endangered species
- Damage to plant species
- Increased number and severity of fires
3) Social:
- Food shortage
- Loss of human life from food shortages, heat, suicides
- Mental and physical stress
- Water user conflicts
- Political conflicts
- Social unrest
- Loss of cultural sites
- Reduced quality of life which leads to changes in lifestyle
- Increased poverty
Water Harvesting
Watersheds
5G2B2a1a (Code of Hydrology)
5 - Region:
All drainage flowing into Arabian Sea
except that Indus drainage
G - Basin:
Tapi
2 - Catchments:
Sea Confluence to Ukai
B - Sub-catchments: Main Tapi
2 - Watershed:
Lower Tapi nearer its confluence to sea
a – Sub watershed (3000 – 5000 ha.)
1 – Mini watershed (1000 – 3000 ha.)
a – micro-watershed (500 – 1000 ha.)
i) Fan-shaped Watersheds
ii) Fern-Leaf shaped Watersheds
Characteristics of Watersheds based on:
1. Size
2. Shape
3. Land
4. Slope
5. Climate
6. Drainage
7. Land use
8. Vegetation
9. Geology and Soil
10. Hydrology
Objective of Watersheds Management
1) Conserving Soil & Water
GULLY PLUGGING
CONTOUR(SOIL)BUNDING/SOIL
WITHS STONE BUNDING
C O N T O U R B U N D IN G / F A R M B U N D IN G
C O N T O U R B U N D IN G / FA R M
B U N D IN G
G . L.
0. 6 0
G . L.
0. 4 5
0. 5 0
C/ S. = 0.2 4 S q m .
CHECK DAM
Water Requirement
1) For Irrigation
2) For Hydropower generation
3 For Domestic Water Supply
4) For Navigation requirement
5) For Fish and wild life
5) For Recreation
-Boation
-Fishing
-Swimming
-Sports
2) Ground Water Recharge
3) Growing greenery
4) Rain Water Management or Roof Water harvesting System
5) Reclamation of alkali Soil
Prepared by,
Dr Dhruvesh Patel
www.drdhruveshpatel.com
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