Transcript internet working and terms

1
WWW
2
TELNET
3
WEB BROWSER AND SERVER
4
WEB SITES, ADRESSES, PAGES
5
URL
6
HTML
DOMAIN
NAMES
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WEB PAGE
8
WEB HOSTING
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HTML
•The WORLD WIDE WEB, abbreviated as WWW and
commonly known as the Web, is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the
Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages
that may contain text, images, videos, and other
multimedia and navigate between them by via
hyperlinks. Using concepts from earlier hypertext
systems, English engineer and computer scientist Sir
Tim Berners-Lee, now the Director of the World Wide
Web Consortium, wrote a proposal in March 1989 for
what would eventually become the World Wide Web.
Graphic representation of a minute fraction of the WWW around a particular website
MULTIMEDIA
DOCUMENTS
USER
FRIENDLY
HYPERTEXT
HYPERLINKS
WWW resource easily works with most of the
known internet browsers, which are very userfriendly.
Information on the Web, which may be Graphics,
audio, video, animations and text is viewed in
pages. A web page is a document on the Internet
that can contain text plus any of these multimedia
elements. WWW allows the users to link and
display these multimedia web pages.
A hypertext file is a document that can incorporate
text, graphic images, audio and video tracks, and
most importantly, dynamic links to related files or
documents, even on net. These dynamic links are
called hyper links.
TELNET
Telnet is an internet utility that lets you log onto remote computer systems. Telnet is a
network protocol used on the Internet or local area networks to provide a bidirectional
interactive text-oriented communications facility using a virtual terminal connection. User
data is interspersed in-band with Telnet control information in an 8-bit byte oriented data
connection over the Transmission Control Protocol. Telnet was developed in 1969 beginning
with RFC 15, extended in RFC 854, and standardized as Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) Internet Standard STD 8, one of the first Internet standards.
Here's a quick fix for using the included Telnet application for OS:
Click <Start>  <Run>
Type: telnet “someplace.com 1234”
(NOTE: Here “someplace.com” is the Host Name of the Remote
System.1234 is the port number and is often optional or not
necessary)
When you telnet from a telnet
session that first telnet inspects
all your keystrokes before
passing them on to the remote
connection which is itself
running telnet.
TELNET CLIENT
TELNET PROTOCOL
Connecting serial RS232 devices via Telnet
WEB PAGE
The documents residing on web sites are called webpages.
The web pages use HTTP. (Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol).
A web page or webpage is a document or information resource
that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed a
web browser and displayed on a monitor or mobile device.
This information is usually in HTML or XHTML format, and
may provide navigation to other webpages via hypertext
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WEB PORTAL
Web portal is a web site, which hosts other
websites. By clicking upon the links, the
corresponding web sites can be opened.
www.yahoo.com is an example of web portal.
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WEB HOSTING

Web hosting is a means of hosting web server application
on a computer system through which electronic content
on the internet is readily available to any web browser
client.
The computer server providing the web hosting is known as
web-host or web-server.
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FREE
HOSTING
COLOCATION
HOSTING
WEB
HOSTING
VIRTUAL OR
SHARED
HOSTING
DEDICATED
HOSTING
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TYPES OF WEB HOSTING SERVICES

One can choose from various types of web hosting services.
Broadly web hosting can be categorised into following 4
categories:
1. Free hosting.
2. Virtual or shared hosting.
3. Dedicated hosting.
4. Colocation hosting.
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FREE HOSTING



This type of hosting is available with many prominent
sites that offer to host some web pages for no cost.
Example:- geocities ,tripod.
A free web hosting service is a web hosting service that
is free, usually advertisement-supported. Free web
hosts will usually provide a subdomain or a directory .In
contrast, paid web hosts will usually provide a secondlevel domain along with the hosting
(www.yourname.com).
Many free hosts do allow use of separately-purchased
domains.
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VIRTUAL OR SHARED HOSTING



This type of hosting is provided under one’s zone
domain name, www.yourname.com.
Virtual hosting is a method for hosting multiple
domain names on a computer using a single IP
address. This allows one machine to share its
resources, such as memory and processor cycles, to
use its resources more efficiently.
One widely used application is shared web
hosting,where many customers can be hosted on a
single server.
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DEDICATED HOSTING
In this type of hosting, the company wishing
rents an entire web server from a hosting
company.
 This is suitable for companies hosting larger
web sites , managing others sites or managing
a big online mall etc.

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COLOCATION HOSTING
In this type of hosting the company actually
owns the server on which the site is hosted.
The company now is responsible for server
administration.
 The colocation hosting generally requires a
high speed internet connection, a regulated
power supply and limited amount of hands on
technical support such as data back up and
hardware.

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VIRTUAL OR SHARED HOSTING
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HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a networking protocol for
distributed collaborative, hypermedia information systems.
HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.
HTTP functions as a request response protocol in the client-server
computing model.
The client submits an HTTP request message to the server. The server,
which stores content, or provides resources, such as HTML files and
images, or generates such content as required, or performs other
functions on behalf of the client, returns a response message to the
client.
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HTML is not a word processing tool. It is just a
page layout and hyperlink specification language.
 HTML provides many layout commands called
tags.
 The general form of an HTML element is :
<tag attribute1="value1" attribute2="value2">content to be rendered</tag>/
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WEB BROWSER AND WEB SERVER
The World Wide Web (WWW) is based upon
clients and servers. It was invented by CERN
physicist Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1990.
 A WWW client that navigates through the
World Wide Web is called Web Browser.
 A WWW server that responds to the requests
made by web browsers is called Web Server.
 Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator are
two most popular web browsers.

WEBSITES



A website is a collection of related web pages, images,
videos or other digital assets that are addressed relative to
a common Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the
World Wide Web.
Some websites require a subscription to access some or all
of their content. Examples of subscription websites
include many business sites, parts of news websites,
academic journal websites, gaming websites, message
boards, web-based e-mail, social networking websites,
websites providing real-time stock market data, and
websites providing various other services.
TYPES OF WEBSITES
Websites are of four types based on their
functioning:
1. Personal websites
2. Commercial websites
3. Government websites
4. Non-profit organization websites
 Websites are of two types based on their
code:
1. Static websites
2. Dynamic websites

A static website is one that has web pages stored
on the server in the format that is sent to a
client web browser. It is primarily coded in
Hypertext Mark up Language (HTML).
 This type of website usually displays the same
information to all visitors. Similar to handing out
a printed brochure to customers or clients, a
static website will generally provide consistent,
standard information for an extended period of
time.
 Visitors are not able to control what information
they receive via a static website.

A
dynamic website is one that
changes or customizes itself
frequently and automatically, based
on certain criteria.
 It has two type of dynamic activity:
1. Dynamic code
2. Dynamic content
TYPE OF WEBSITES
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
Archive site
Used to preserve valuable electronic content
threatened with extinction.
Google group
Answer Site
Answer site is a site where people can ask
questions & get answers.
Yahoo! Answers
Attack site
A site created specifically to attack visitors
computers on their first visit to a website by
downloading a file.
Songs.pk
Blog (Web blog)
Sites generally used to post online diaries which
may include discussion forums.
Blogger, Xanga
Celebrity website
A website whose information revolves around a
celebrity.
jimcarrey.com
Content site
Sites whose business is the creation and
distribution of original content.
Slate, About.com
A site where persons with similar interests
communicate with each other.
MySpace,
Facebook, orkut
Community site
Corporate website
Used to provide background information about a
business, organization, or service.
Dating website
A site where users can find other single people
looking for long range relationships, dating, or just
friends.
Eharmony,
Match.com
TYPES OF WEBSITES
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
Forum website
A site where people discuss various topics.
Government Site
A website made by the local, state, department or
national government of a country.
Upsc.gov.in
Gaming website
A site that let users play online games. Some
enable people to gamble online.
Miniclip.com
Information site
Most websites could fit in this type of website to
some extent many of them are not necessarily for
commercial purposes.
Media sharing site
A site that enables users to upload and view
media such as pictures, music, and videos.
Flickr, YouTube
and Google Video
News site
Similar to an information site, but dedicated to
dispensing news, politics, and commentary
cnn.com
Wiki site
A site which users collaboratively edit its content
wikipedia
School site
A site on which teachers, students, or
Kvmb.org
administrators can post information about current
events at or involving their school.
Micro blog site
A short and simple form of blogging.
Twitter
Review site
A site on which people can post reviews for
products or services.
Zoom.in
WEB PAGES
A web page is a document, typically written in plain
text interspersed with formatting instructions of
Hypertext Mark up Language (HTML, XHTML). A
web page may incorporate elements from other
websites with suitable mark up anchors.
 Web pages are accessed and transported with the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which may
optionally employ encryption (HTTP Secure,
HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for the user
of the web page content.

1. HOME PAGES:
It is the top-less web page of the website. When
the site is opened, its home page is displayed.
2. WEB PORTAL:
It is a web site, which hosts other websites. It has
the hyperlinks to many other websites. By clicking
upon these links, the corresponding websites can be
opened. Eg: www.yahoo.com. A web portal also
offers a broad array of resources and services such
as e-mail, forum, online shopping, etc.
UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL)
In computing, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that specifies where an
identified resource is available and the mechanism for
retrieving it.
 The Uniform Resource Locator was created in 1994 by Tim
Berners-Lee and the URI working group of the Internet
Engineering Task Force.
 The format is based on Unix file path syntax.
 A URL is a URI that, "in addition to identifying a resource,
provides a means of locating the resource by describing its
primary access mechanism (e.g., its network location)".

SYNTAX
Every URL consists the following:
The scheme name (commonly called
protocol), followed by a colon, then,
depending on scheme, a domain name
(alternatively, IP address), a port number,
the path of the resource to be fetched or the
program to be run, then, for programs such
as Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts,
a query string, and an optional fragment
identifier.
The “http” identifies both
the protocol and server.
A colon(:) & two forward
slashes(//) follow.
 The next component is
the address is the name
of the server. Commonly it
begins with “www” for World Wide Web. Then the
address comes.
 The suffix of the URL indicates the type of website is.

Difference between HTML and
XML…
Before you get to know
what XML is all about and
it’s details….
1.HTML is presentation language where as XML is not either a
programming language or a presentation language. It is used to transfer data
between applications and databases.
2.HTML is not case-sensitive where as XML is case-sensitive.
3.In XML we can define our own tags as it is not possible in HTML.
Differing meaning
based on differing use
of uppercase and
lowercase letters.
4.In XML it is mandatory to close each and every tag where as in HTML it is not
required.
5.XML describes the data where as HTML only defines the data
XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
• Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a set of rules for encoding
documents in machine-readable form. XML's design goals
emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability over the Internet. It is
a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for the
languages of the world. Although the design of XML focuses on
documents, it is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data
structures, for example in web services.
• Many application programming interfaces (APIs) have been
developed that software developers use to process XML data, and
several schema systems exist to aid in the definition of XML-based
languages.
• As of 2009[update], hundreds of XML-based languages have been
developed, including RSS, Atom, SOAP, and XHTML. XML-based
formats have become the default for most office-productivity tools,
including Microsoft Office (Office Open XML), OpenOffice.org
(Open Document), and Apple's iWork.
Example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<painting>
<img src="madonna.jpg" alt='Foligno Madonna,
by Raphael'/>
<caption>This is Raphael's "Foligno" Madonna,
painted in
<date>1511</date>–<date>1512</date>.
</caption>
</painting>
DHTML (Dynamic Hypertext Markup
Language)
• Dynamic HTML, or DHTML, is an umbrella term for a collection of
technologies used together to create interactive and animated web sites
by using a combination of a static markup language (such as HTML), a
client-side scripting language (such as JavaScript), a presentation
definition language (such as CSS), and the Document Object Model.
• DHTML allows scripting languages to change variables in a web page's
definition language, which in turn affects the look and function of
otherwise "static" HTML page content, after the page has been fully
loaded and during the viewing process. Thus the dynamic characteristic of
DHTML is the way it functions while a page is viewed, not in its ability to
generate a unique page with each page load.
• By contrast, a dynamic web page is a broader concept — any web page
generated differently for each user, load occurrence, or specific variable
values. This includes pages created by client-side scripting, and ones
created by server-side scripting (such as PHP, Perl, JSP or ASP.NET) where
the web server generates content before sending it to the client.
Example: Displaying an additional
block of text
The following code illustrates an often-used function. An additional part of a web page will only be displayed if the user requests it.
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<title>Test</title>
<style type="text/css">
h2 {background-color: lightblue; width: 100%}
a {font-size: larger; background-color: goldenrod}
a:hover {background-color: gold}
#example1 {display: none; margin: 3%; padding: 4%; background-color: limegreen}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function changeDisplayState (id) {
d=document.getElementById("showhide");
e=document.getElementById(id);
if (e.style.display == 'none' || e.style.display == "") {
e.style.display = 'block';
d.innerHTML = 'Hide example..............';
} else {
e.style.display = 'none';
d.innerHTML = 'Show example';
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h2>How to use a DOM function</h2>
<div><a id="showhide" href="javascript:changeDisplayState('example1')">Show example</a></div>
<div id="example1">
This is the example.
(Additional information, which is only displayed on request)...
</div>
<div>The general text continues...</div>
</body>
</html>
THANK YOU!
- PRESENTATION BY: MOHNISH
NISHANT
NIKHIL
MIDHUN