Transcript Islam-Submission to Allah

(Thank you, Sue Pojer)
• We believe in God, and the
revelation given to us, and to
Abraham, Isma'il, Isaac, Jacob,
and the Tribes, and that given to
Moses and Jesus, and that
given to (all) prophets from their
Lord: We make no difference
between one and another of
them: And we bow to Allah (in
Islam). (2:136).
• The second verse says: We believe
in Allah, and in what has been
revealed to us and what was
revealed to Abraham, Isma'il, Isaac,
Jacob, and the Tribes, and in (the
Books) given to Moses, Jesus, and
the prophets, from their Lord: We
make no distinction between one
and another among them, and to
Allah do we bow our will (in Islam).
(3:84).
IslamAn Abrahamic
Religion

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Muslims are strict monotheists.
They believe in the JudeoChristian God (Allah)
Muslims believe that the Torah
and the Bible, like the Qur’an,
is part of the word of God.
“People of the Book”
Abraham’s Genealogy
HAGAR
ABRAHAM
Ishmael
SARAH
Isaac
12 Arabian Tribes
Jacob
Esau
12 Tribes of Israel
The Prophetic Tradition
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
The Origins of the Qur’an


Muhammad received his first
revelation from the angel
Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.
622  Hijrah  Muhammed
fled Mecca for Medina.
* The beginning of the
Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)
Muhammad’s revelations were
compiled into the Qur’an by 650,
soon after his death (632) –.

The Qur’an
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Muslims believe it contains the
word of God.
114 suras (chapters).

In the name of Allah,
the compassionate,
the merciful.

Written in Arabic.
The Dar al-Islam
The
umma
1
2
3
4
5
1. The Shahada
 The testimony.

The declaration of faith:
There is no god except God,
and Muhammad is His
Messenger [or Prophet].
2. The Salat
 The
prayers performed 5
times a
*
*
*
*
*
day:
dawn
noon
late afternoon
sunset
before going to bed

Wash before praying.

Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.

The call to prayer by the
muezzin in the minaret.
Pray in the mosque on
Friday.

2
3. The Zakat

Almsgiving (charitable
donations).

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Muslims believe that all things
belong to God.
Zakat means both “purification”
and “growth.”
4. The Sawm

Fasting during the holy month
of
Ramadan.
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Considered a method of selfpurification.
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No eating or drinking from
sunrise to sunset during
Ramadan.
Eid
al fitr – end of Ramadan
celebration
5. The Hajj

The
pilgrimage to Mecca.

To be done at least once in a
Muslim’s lifetime, if possible.

2-3 million Muslims make the
pilgrimage
every
year.
The Kaaba
5. The Hajj
reinforces the concept of
equality among all believers –
the umma

The Mosque
 The Muslim place of worship.
The Dome of the Rock
Mosque in Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rock
where Muhammad ascended into heaven.
Other Traditional
Islamic Practices
Shari’a  body of Islamic law
to regulate daily life - derived
from the Quran and the Hadith
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No alcohol or pork.
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No gambling.
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kind speech & actions
Essential Question:
Why was Islam
able to spread so
quickly and convert
so many to the
new religion?
The Spread of Islam
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Easy to adopt.
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No priesthood.
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Teaches equality.
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Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of
the Book,” were allowed religious
freedom; just paid a military tax.
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Easily “portable”  nomads & trade
routes; not necess. culture specific

Jihad (“Holy War”) for inner purity
Islamic
Caliphates
and States
Muhammad’s death 632
• Caliph= “successor to the
Prophet”
• 1) Abu Bakr
• 2) Umar (began conquest of
Syria, Egypt, Sassanid Empire)
• 3) Uthman – (assassinated;
assassins chose Ali as new
successor 
–Civil war 656-680
• Muhammad = Khadija
Fatimah = Ali (assassinated)
•
•
Hassan (poisoned)
Husayn (assassinated)
at: Battle of Karbala (in Iraq)
• To Shi’a Islam, only descendants
of Muhammad are true
successors (imam) 10-day
mourning period held every Muharram
• Twelvers & Hidden Imam
Split over successor=
•
• Sunni
• No single •
person can
define true
•
belief;
accepted
political
caliphates
Shia
Only heir of
Muhammad –
12th imam –
Hidden Imam –
will return (& a
little later, Jesus)
to rule and judge
• 1000 yrs justice
Umayyad Caliphate
661-750
Founded by Uthman kinsman
Damascus - capital
Battle of Tours 732
Frankish
Kingdom
Eastern Roman/
Byzantine Empire
Umayyad Caliphate
“Dar al Islam”
• 750 – Abbasid Caliphate –
Overthrew last Umayyad
(although one fled to Spain and
established a caliphate thereCordoba)
• Begins the Golden Age
• Conversion to Islam
• 945 – smaller Abbasid Empire
becomes Shiite ruled: Iran &
Iraq
Abbasid Caliphate
New capital –
Baghdad
750
Umayyad Spain
Abbasid Caliphate and Umayyad Spain
– Islamic Golden Age 750-1000
Islamic golden age
• “The ink of the scholar is more
holy than the blood of martyrs.”
• Classical works preserved
• Papermaking adopted
• Philosophers
• Environmental treatises, esp. on
pollution
• Hospitals – a variety
• Medical knowledge & advancements
• Mathematical & scientific writings
(surpass total # of classical writings)
• Globalization of trade & cultural
diffusion
• Adoption of Indian number system
• Business & contractual law practices
• Chemistry, physics, psychology,
Algebra
• Libraries (with lending) and emphasis
on education
• Page from algebra
treatise of Persian
Muslim Muhammad
ibn Mūsā alKhwārizmī
Fatimid dynasty- Shi’a
Cairo
• Seljuk Turks – nomadic
invaders– triggered urban
decline & attacks on Byz Emp
• Some unity re-established:
Saladin; involved in the
Crusades
• Mamluks – Turkish slaves
established an empire that
halted the Mongols ca. 1250
Salah - al – din /
Saladin
-recaptured
Jerusalem from the
European
Crusaders
Seljuk Turks
Mamluk sultanate - (1250–1517)
Resisted
being
conquered by
The Mongols
13th century