Transcript The Muslim World 600-1250 - Arlington Public Schools
The Muslim World 600-1250
Roots of Islam Bedouins in Arabia Sasanid Empire, 224-651 –Control –Zoroastrianism –Silk Road
Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad Settled people Nomads rare, but important – caravan link
CROSSROADS OF TRADE
Muhammad Born in 570 Caravan trader In 610, revelations Qur’an (contains actual revelations of Allah)
Beliefs of Islam
Five Pillars of Islam
–Faith (Allah is supreme God) –Prayer –Zakat (offerings, charity) –Fasting –Hajj (pilgrimage)
Formation of the Umma
Muhammad fleas from Mecca to Medina with followers and establishes a community of believers– “umma”
Spread of Islam under Muhammad
Islam Spreads Caliph (successor) Four caliphs By 750, the Muslim empire stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River http://mapsofwar.com/ind/history-of religion.html
http://mapsofwar.com/ind/imperi al-history.html
The Four Caliphs Abu Bakr (632-634) Umar (634-644) Uthman (644-656) Ali (656-661)
Muslim World, 1200 Copyright © McDougal Littell. All Rights Reserved.
Muslim Empire Splits Umayyads succeed the fourth caliph (Ali) Sunni Shi’a Sufi
Umayyad (661-750) Land Conquests
In Spain, the Umayyads held power over a society in which Islamic, Roman, German, and Jewish cultures combined to form a unique Iberian variant of Islamic civilization. Muslim Spain saw substantial urbanization; the introduction of citrus crops; a diverse, irrigated, agricultural sector; and a florescence of Muslim and Jewish intellectual activity.
Downfall of the Umayyid
Abbasids Give it a Shot
Rise and Fall of the Abbasid Caliphate Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.
Rise of Abbasid Caliphate Family of Abbas—an uncle of Muhammad—took over and established the Abbasid Caliphate Provided renewed religious leadership, which they combined with a style of rulership and royal ceremony derived from the Sasanids Literature and learning, including the translation of Greek texts and secular Arab poetry, thrived under the Abbasids Baghdad was a center of Abbasid culture; other areas shared in this culture to varying extents. The Abbasid period: high rate of non-Muslim subjects convert to Islam
Muslim Conquests
SHARIA
Women in the Islamic World
1. Muslim women did have rights under Islamic law
• right to inherit and own property and to retain it
in marriage
• right to divorce, to remarry • to testify in court • go on pilgrimage
HOWEVER, 2. Women were veiled and secluded as they had been previously in the Byzantine and the Sasanid empires.
• Could be influential in the family, but only
slave women could have a public role or appear in public before men.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Chapter 8 – BIG PICTURE!
Islam emerged among the nomadic pastoralists and caravan traders of Arabian peninsula Muhammad (Arab trader from Mecca) experienced revelations that called people to submit to God’s will Muhammad fled to Median with followers– where umma was formed Succession troubles: Sunni and Shi’ite split – Caliph = office(s) or leader(s) of succession
Ch. 8 – BIG PICTURE! (con’t) Early successor- Abu Bakr confirmed 5 Pillars Shari’a = foundation of Islamis civilization (derived from Quran) Women in general enjoyed relatively high status under Islamic law, though tended to live in seclusion Urbanization and religious conversion reinforced each other and prompted the expansion of agriculture, trade, science, technology