6_1 Development of the Modern Periodic Tablex

Transcript 6_1 Development of the Modern Periodic Tablex

Section 6.1

Today…

1. Pick up a. 2 Periodic Tables b. 6 different colored pencils 2. 1 st periodic table includes: a. metal, nonmetal, metalloid p. 154 3. 2 nd periodic table includes: a. alkali, alkaline earth, b. transition, inner transition, c. halogens, noble gases 4. After coloring, start working on today’s agenda – 6.1

The Modern Periodic Table (cont.) Section 6-1

4 5 6 7

Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids

1 2

Nonmetals

Metals Metalloids Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 349

Alkali metals (not H) (1) Alkaline earth metals (1) Transition metals (1) Halogens (1) Noble gasses (1) Inner transition (1) IA G IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIA

Properties of Elements Lab (10pts)

Appearance Conducts

Element Color Shiny Dull yes no Metal Nonmetal Summarize the properties in one paragraph (explain the difference between metals and nonmetals?) (5pts) 6

Agenda

Development of the Modern Periodic Table

Standard: 1a, 1b (p.152 & 155) Articles: 152, 172 Terms: 151 Mastering Concepts: 174 (26 – 40)

Homework

Cornell Notes: 6.1

Section Assessment: 158 (1 – 5) 7

Section 6.1 Development of the Modern Periodic Table Section 6-1 Trace the development of the periodic table.

Identify key features of the periodic table.

atomic number: the number of protons in an atom The periodic table evolved over time as scientists discovered more useful ways to compare and organize the elements.

Section 6.1 Development of the Modern Periodic Table (cont.) Section 6-1 periodic law group period representative elements transition elements metal alkali metals alkaline earth metals transition metal inner transition metal lanthanide series actinide series nonmetals halogen noble gas metalloid

Properties of Elements Lab (10pts)

Appearance Conducts

Element Color Shiny Dull yes no Metal Nonmetal Summarize the properties in one paragraph (explain the difference between metals and nonmetals?) (5pts) 10

Development of the Periodic Table

Section 6-1

In the 1700s, Lavoisier compiled a list of all the known elements of the time.

Development of the Periodic Table (cont.)

Section 6-1

The 1800s brought large amounts of information and scientists needed a way to organize knowledge about elements.

John Newlands proposed an arrangement where elements were ordered by increasing atomic mass.

Development of the Periodic Table (cont.) Newlands noticed when the elements were arranged by increasing atomic mass, their properties repeated every eighth element.

Section 6-1

Development of the Periodic Table (cont.)

Section 6-1

Meyer and Mendeleev both demonstrated a connection between atomic mass and elemental properties.

Moseley rearranged the table by increasing atomic number, and resulted in a clear periodic pattern.

Periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged by increasing atomic number is called periodic law .

Development of the Periodic Table (cont.) Section 6-1

The Modern Periodic Table Section 6-1 The modern periodic table contains boxes which contain the element's name, symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass.

The Modern Periodic Table (cont.) Columns of elements are called groups .

Section 6-1 Rows of elements are called periods .

Elements in groups 1,2, and 13-18 possess a wide variety of chemical and physical properties and are called the representative elements .

Elements in groups 3-12 are known as the transition metals .

The Modern Periodic Table (cont.) Section 6-1 Elements are classified as metals, non-metals, and metalloids.

Metals are elements that are generally shiny when smooth and clean, solid at room temperature, and good conductors of heat and electricity.

Alkali metals are all the elements in group 1 except hydrogen, and are very reactive.

Alkaline earth metals highly reactive.

are in group 2, and are also

The Modern Periodic Table (cont.) Section 6-1 The transition elements are divided into transition metals and inner transition metals .

The two sets of inner transition metals are called the lanthanide series and actinide series and are located at the bottom of the periodic table.

The Modern Periodic Table (cont.) Section 6-1 Non-metals are elements that are generally gases or brittle, dull-looking solids, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Group 17 is composed of highly reactive elements called halogens .

Group 18 gases are extremely unreactive and commonly called noble gases .

The Modern Periodic Table (cont.) Section 6-1 Metalloids have physical and chemical properties of both metals and non-metals, such as silicon and germanium.

The Modern Periodic Table (cont.) Section 6-1

26. Explain how Mendeleev’s periodic table was in error. How was this error fixed? (6.1) Mendeleev used atomic mass instead of atomic number to order the elements. This resulted in some elements being out of order. Moseley used atomic number.

27. Explain the contribution of Newlands’s law of octaves to the development of the modern periodic table. (6.1) Newlands introduced the idea of periodically repeating properties.

28. German chemist Lothar Meyer and Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev both proposed similar periodic tables in 1869. Why is Mendeleev generally given credit for the periodic table? (6.1) Mendeleev’s work was published first, he did more to show periodic trends, and he predicted properties of several yet-to-be discovered elements.

How was Mendeleev’s periodic table organized? (6.1) 29. The elements were arranged by increasing atomic mass into columns with similar properties.

30. What is the periodic law? (6.1) When the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their chemical and physical properties.

31. Identify each of the following as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. (6.1) a. Oxygen a. nonmetal

b. Barium b. metal

c. Germanium metalloid

d. Iron metal

e. Neon nonmetal

f. Praseodymium metal

32. Describe the general characteristics of metals. (6.1) Metals are generally dense, solid, shiny, ductile, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity.

33. Match each numbered item on the right with the lettered item that it is related to on the left. (6.1) a. alkali metals b. Halogens 2. 1. group 8A group 1A c. alkaline earth metals d. noble gases 3. group 2A 4. group 7A

34. Identify each of the elements in problem 31 as a representative element or a transition element. (6.1)

34. Identify each of the following as a representative element or a transition element. (6.1) a. Oxygen a.

representative element

b. Barium

b. representative element

c. Germanium

representative element

d. Iron

transition element

e. Neon

representative element

f. Praseodymium

transition element

35. Sketch a simplified periodic table and use labels to identify the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, inner transition metals, noble gases, and halogens. (6.1) See the Solutions Manual for a sample table.

36.A shiny solid element also is ductile. What side of the periodic table is it likely to be found? (6.1) properties describe a metal; left of the stair step line

37.What are the general properties of a metalloid? List three metalloid elements. (6.1) Metalloids have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At) are metalloids.

38. What is the purpose of the heavy stair step line on the periodic table? (6.1) the line separates metals from nonmetals. Most elements bordering the line are metalloids.

39.Describe the two types of numbering used to identify groups on the periodic table. (6.1) One system uses 1A – 8A for representative elements, and 1B –10B for transition elements. The other system numbers the columns 1 –18 left to right.

40. Give the chemical symbol of each of the following elements. (6.1) a. the two elements that are liquids at room temperature Br, Hg; b. the noble gas with the greatest atomic mass Rn c. any metal from group 4A Sn or Pb d. any inner transition metal elements 58 –71 or 90–103

6_1 Development of the Modern Periodic Tablex

Transcript 6_1 Development of the Modern Periodic Tablex

Section 6.1

Today…

Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids

Properties of Elements Lab (10pts)

Development of the Modern Periodic Table

Homework

Properties of Elements Lab (10pts)

Section 6-1

Section 6-1

Section 6-1

Section 6-1

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