Transcript pps

Date: 118-128AD
Name Means: Temple of ‘All Gods’
Location:
Campus Martius, Rome
Inscription: On the entablature. “Marcus Agrippa son of Lucius
consul for the 3rd time built this”. This refers to the builder of the
original Pantheon, during Augustus’ time, which burned down.
Builder Hadrian was responsible for this (each brick stamped with
his monogram)
Height and Width of the Dome: 43.2m – a perfect sphere with 9m
oculus at the top
THE PANTHEON
Exterior Design
Porch: deep
porch – guilded
bronze roof originally
Vestibule:
structurally
necessary to butress
the rotunda
Rotunda: 3 layers of cornices,
dome starting at 2nd cornice
Top of
Dome
Pumice
Lighter
Materials
Brick and
Pumice
Brick
Tufa and
Brick
Travertine
and Tufa
Foundations
(4.5m deep)
Travertine
(Limestone)
Heavier
Materials
A Major Problem with this Design: The Weight of the massive domed Rotunda
One way of solving this: Using lighter materials towards the top of the dome
OTHER WEIGHT REDUCTION TECHNIQUES
Fabric thinning to
nothing - oculus
Recessed coffers and passageways
remove mass
Massive concrete and brick ring
holding dome base
The Vestibule – buttressed the
Rotunda for added strength
Internal arches in the
rotunda wall distributed
weight evenly. NB three
cornices. Outside walls
originally covered with
stucco
Vaulted Alcoves and Niches
reduced weight and added
strength
Pediment – would have
held relief sculpture
The Porch
Corinthian capitals
Octastyle design – 8 columns across the front.
Temple has frontal orientation – only one way to approach and
enter
Coffers
Rectangular
Pedimented
Niches
Semi-circular
alcoves behind
Corinthian
columns.
Patterned
marble floor
(with
drainholes)
Panels of
Marble
Veneer
Projecting
pedimented
niches
containing
statues.
INTERIOR
Oculus (eye)
Coffers
Corinthian capitals
on fluted pilasters
and columns