Transcript Erfolg mit OCHSNER Wärmepumpen
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
© Dr. Gerald Lutz
OCHSNER
Borehole heat exchangers with CO
2
Dr. Gerald Lutz
The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Contents:
Benefit of using CO 2 as heat transfer medium
Functionality of a CO 2 - tube
Installation example of a CO 2 -tube
© Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Classification of renewable energy sources
© Dr. Gerald Lutz
Quelle:
EHPA (European Heat Pump Association) classification of ambient heat The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Different variants for the energetic use of ambient heat from the ground
Heating of air by leading it through a gravel zone
Groundwater as a heat source Direct expansion/flat collectors Glykol- and water- heat pipes Heat pipes without circulation pumps
Quelle:
Ehrbar, M. ;Peterlunger, A.: Pumpenlose Erdwärmesonde: Schlussbericht Potenzialabschätzung, Machbarkeitsstudie energetisch und wirtschaftlich, Interstaatliche Hochschule für Technik Buchs, (o.J.) Buchs, S.8f.
© Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Heating of air by leading it through a gravel zone
© Dr. Gerald Lutz
Quelle:
Ehrbar, M. ;Peterlunger, A.: Pumpenlose Erdwärmesonde: Schlussbericht Potenzialabschätzung, Machbarkeitsstudie energetisch und wirtschaftlich, Interstaatliche Hochschule für Technik Buchs, (o.J.) Buchs, S.8f.
The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Different variants for the energetic use of ambient heat from the ground
Heating of air by leading it through a gravel zone
Groundwater as a heat source
Direct expansion/flat collectors Glykol- and water- heat pipes Heat pipes without circulation pumps
Quelle:
Ehrbar, M. ;Peterlunger, A.: Pumpenlose Erdwärmesonde: Schlussbericht Potenzialabschätzung, Machbarkeitsstudie energetisch und wirtschaftlich, Interstaatliche Hochschule für Technik Buchs, (o.J.) Buchs, S.8f.
© Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Groundwater as a heat source
• highest COP. •A constant temperature from + 8 °C to + 12 °C The groundwater is pumped from the delivery well to the heat pump and from there 15 meters to the sink well.
Quelle: Ochsner
© Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Different variants for the energetic use of ambient heat from the ground
Heating of air by leading it through a gravel zone Groundwater as a heat source
Direct expansion/flat collectors
Glykol- and water- heat pipes Heat pipes without circulation pumps
Quelle:
Ehrbar, M. ;Peterlunger, A.: Pumpenlose Erdwärmesonde: Schlussbericht Potenzialabschätzung, Machbarkeitsstudie energetisch und wirtschaftlich, Interstaatliche Hochschule für Technik Buchs, (o.J.) Buchs, S.8f.
© Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Direct expansion/flat collectors
•refrigerant cycle of the heat pump is used directly •no heat exchangers from brine to R 407C needed •Also no brine cirulating pump is needed With the
brine system
the brine circulates • in horizontal collector tubes, or • in trenches
Quelle: Ochsner
© Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Different variants for the energetic use of ambient heat from the ground
Heating of air by leading it through a gravel zone Groundwater as a heat source Direct expansion/flat collectors
Glykol- and water- heat pipes
Heat pipes without circulation pumps
Quelle:
Ehrbar, M. ;Peterlunger, A.: Pumpenlose Erdwärmesonde: Schlussbericht Potenzialabschätzung, Machbarkeitsstudie energetisch und wirtschaftlich, Interstaatliche Hochschule für Technik Buchs, (o.J.) Buchs, S.8f.
© Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Glykol- and water- heat pipes
The brine circulates in earth taps around 100 m deep © Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
Quelle: Ochsner
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Different variants for the energetic use of ambient heat from the ground
Heating of air by leading it through a gravel zone Groundwater as a heat source Direct expansion/flat collectors Glykol- and water- heat pipes
Heat pipes without circulation pumps using CO 2
Quelle:
Ehrbar, M. ;Peterlunger, A.: Pumpenlose Erdwärmesonde: Schlussbericht Potenzialabschätzung, Machbarkeitsstudie energetisch und wirtschaftlich, Interstaatliche Hochschule für Technik Buchs, (o.J.) Buchs, S.8f.
© Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Benefit of using CO
2
-tubes
Benefit of CO 2 as a heat transfer medium
CO
2
is non-toxic not flammable Greenhouse relevance is neclectable (compared to other refrigerants !) (GWP=1) Ozon deplating potential (ODP=0) not water endangering cheap no special regulations for its disposal © Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Benefit of using CO
2
-tubes
Disadvantages of conventional working fluids (Prophylen,- oder Ethylenglykol
) Very exact definition of the glykol concentration missing addition of inhibitors is resulting in corrosions © Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Thermodynamic characteristics of CO
2
- subcritical and transcritical cyclic process
high volumetric cooling capacity (6 – 8 times higher as f.e. R407C, R717) small volumetric flow rates smaller pressure losses smaller tube profiles low critical temperature 31,1 °C, and a high critical pressure 73,8 bar. Difficult to use within the refrigerant cycle because of flow temp. of >35 ˚C. Changing of steam pressure with 1 bar/K.
Pressure of more than 100 bar with flow temp. of >30˚C © Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Transcritical CO
2
-process (Lorentzen Prozess)
© Dr. Gerald Lutz
Rieberer, R; Halozan,H.: CO 2 als Kältemittel
, Institut für Wärmetechnik TU-Graz (2004) The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Comparison of CO
2
with other refrigerants
Potential to ozon layer destruction and greenhouse effect Critical temperature and critical pressure
Refrigerant
R744 (CO 2 ) R134a R407C R410a
ODP GWP
0 0 0 0 1 1300 1525 1725
Critical temperature [ ° C]
31,1 101 86,7 72,1
critical pressure [bar]
73,8 40,7 46 49,2
© Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Functionality of CO
2
- tube
Principle of a heat pipe: heat pipe transports warmth between heat source and a heat consumer heat transfer medium is CO 2 ) The heat transfer medium takes up heat energy – ascends as steam inside the pipe (Thermosyphonprinzip) delivers the energy in the heat exchanger condensation of CO 2 CO2 descends
Prinzip des Wärmerohres (Vgl.Ochsner)
© Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
CO
2
-tube coupled with as direct expansion heat pump
Refrigerant circulates in the cooling head and evaporates there highest performance largest working reliability © Dr. Gerald Lutz Kältekreis einer Direkterwärmungs- Wärmepumpe gekoppelt mit einer CO2-Sonde. Ochsner Wärmepumpen GmbH The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Single tube system/ double tube system
Danger of interruption liquid und CO 2 -steam If diameter is to large Separation of liquid and gas phase © Dr. Gerald Lutz
Einrohrsonde/Zweirohrsonde. Vgl. Ehrbar, M.)
The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
CO
2
-tube high-grade steel pipe: Maximum capacity and length – dependency on tube dimension
5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 8 Rohre 4 Rohre 2 Rohre 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 1 Rohr 0,0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Rohrinnendurchmesser [mm]
30 32 34 36 38 40 0 40 30 20 10 100 90 80 70 60 50 © Dr. Gerald Lutz
FKW Hannover Prof.H. Kruse
The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Installation-example: object data
Objektdaten
Heated area Construction method Heat demand Number of persons
160 m² Low energy house ~ 33 W/m² 3 © Dr. Gerald Lutz
Quelle:
Objektdaten und Anlagenart des Installations-Beispiels The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
heating system
Heat pump Heating capacity(E0/W35) Heat source Heating mode Distribution system Flow temperature
hydr. decoupling
Hot water supply
Heating system
OCHSNER Golf GMDW 7 6,4 kW Ground source direct expansion, 1 CO 2 -tube monovalent Floor – and wall heating system max. 35 ° 300 Liter buffer vessel OCHSNER Europa 303 © Dr. Gerald Lutz
Quelle:
Objektdaten und Anlagenart des Installations-Beispiels The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Drilling
borehole with depth of 100 m © Dr. Gerald Lutz
Quelle:
Errichtung einer Bohrung für die Einbringung einer CO 2 -Wellrohrsonde (Ochsner GmbH) The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Tube
100 m ambient heat 15 C developing pressure 50 bar pressure resistant, flexible high-grade steel pipe CO
2
diffuses by conv. PE tubes © Dr. Gerald Lutz
Quelle:
CO 2 -high-grade steel pipe (Ochsner GmbH) The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
CO
2
-tube – installation tunnel
© Dr. Gerald Lutz
Quelle:
Ochsner The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Bringing in of the tube
© Dr. Gerald Lutz
Quelle:
Einbringung der CO 2 -Wellrohrsonde (Ochsner GmbH) The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Connection of the CO
2
-tube
Distance CO
2
-tube – heat pump not more than 25 meters.
Refrigerant leading pipes and cooling head have to be isolated © Dr. Gerald Lutz
Quelle:
CO 2 Erdwärmesonde (Ochsner GmbH) The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Seasonal Performance Figure
3
Performance Figures
2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 5 4,5 4 3,5 4,8 4,1 3,9 3,9 4 3,9 4,1 4,1 0 Oct. 06 Nov. 06 Dec. 06 Jan. 07 Feb. 07 Mar. 07 Apr. 07 SPF
Quelle:
Monthly performance figure and seasonal performance for heating season 2006/2007 (Ochsner GmbH) © Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2
Advantages of the CO
2
-tube
Advantages of CO
2
-as a heat transfer medium no circulating pumps: higher SPF than conventional earth tubes (conventional pumps have a running capacity of 200 W with SFH ~ 360 kWh 15-20% higher JAZ) environmental friendlyness: lower CO 2 -emissions because of higher working reliability by closed cycle without mobile parts lower investment costs © Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007
OCHSNER Borehole heat exchangers with CO 2 Thank you for your interest!
© Dr. Gerald Lutz The Geothermal Heat Pumps market in Central & Eastern Europe Bratislava, 12. Nov. 2007