Transcript remote sensing satellites and sensors

FUNDAMENTALS
CHAPTER 3
Satellites, Sensors
and Data Forms
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SATELLITES & SENSORS
LANDSAT 7 SATELLITE
ETM+
Enhanced Thematic Mapper
7 bands
SPOT 4 SATELLITE
2 HRVIR
High Resolution Visible Infrrared
4 bands
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REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES AND SENSORS
Satellite
from
until
sensors
altitude
h
(km)
inclin.
i
(deg)
period
T
(min)
repeat
cycle
(days)
MSS, RBV
920
99
103
18
Landsat 1, 2,
3
1972 (1)
1983 (3)
Landsat 4, 5
1982 (4)
...
MSS, TM
705
np
98.9
16
1999
...
ETM+
705
np
98.9
16
HRV
832
np
101
26
HRVIR, VGT
832
np
101
26
861 / 845
np
np
Landsat 7
SPOT 1, 2, 3
1986 (1)
SPOT 4
1998
NOAA 10 - 14
1986
...
Aug 1996
July 1997
AVNIR, OCTS
797
Dec 1986
CZCS
1000
ADEOS
Nimbus 7
AVHRR
1
101
41
IRS-1A
Mar 1988
LISS-1
904
101
22
IRS-1B
Aug 1991
LISS-2
904
101
22
IRS-P2
Oct 1994
LISS-2
101
24
IRS-1C
1995
LISS-3, WIFS
817
101
24
IRS-1D
Sep 1997
LISS-3, WIFS
736 / 825
101
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REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES AND SENSORS
Satellite
from
MOS-1
Feb 1987
MOS-1b
Feb 1990
altitude
h
(km)
inclin.
i
(deg)
MESSR, VTIR
908
99.1
17
MESSR, VTIR
908
99.1
17
MSU-SK
678
Orb View-2
SeaWiFS
705
GMS
VISSR
GOES
GOES Imager
RESURS-01
1985
until
sensors
Space Shuttle
1983
MOMS-01
Space Shuttle
1993
MOMS-02
Mir Space
Station
1996
MOMS-02P
ERS-1
July 1991
ATSR
ERS-2
Apr. 1995
ATSR-2
ENVISAT-1
1999
AATSR
EOS-AM-1
1999
MODIS
Ikonos
Sept 1999
period
T
(min)
repeat
cycle
(days)
98
21
np
98.9
1
35900
0
gs
35900
0
gs
681
98.1
98
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Airborne Sensors
Daedalus
bands
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0.32 – 0.38
0.38 – 0.42
0.42 – 0.45
0.45 – 0.50
0.50 – 0.55
0.55 – 0.60
0.60 – 0.65
0.65 – 0.69
0.70 – 0.79
0.80 – 0.89
0.92 – 1.10
3.0 – 5.0
8.0 –14.0
ATMS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0.42 – 0.45
0.45 – 0.52
0.52 – 0.60
0.605 – 0.625
0.63 – 0.69
0.695 – 0.75
0.76 – 0.90
0.91 – 1.05
1.55 – 1.75
2.08 – 2.35
8.5 – 13.0
TIMS
1
2
3
4
5
6
8.2 – 8.6
8.6 – 9.0
9.0 – 9.4
9.5 – 10.2
10.2 – 11.2
11.2 – 12.2
FOV (degrees)
86
86
76
IFOV (mrad)
2.5
2.5
2.5
8
8
8
dyn. range (bits)
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HYPERSPECTRAL SENSORS
spectral
region
GERIS
CASI
No. of
bands
TOTAL
spectral
resolution
(nm)
IFOV
(mrad)
pixels
per line
dynamic
range (bits)
25.4
120
16.5
2.5, 3.3, 4.6
512 or 1024
16
0.40 – 1.08
1.0 – 2.0
2.0 – 2.5
24
7
32
0.4 – 0.9
288
1.8
1.02 – 1.53
512
12
63
AVIRIS
0.4 – 0.72
0.69 – 1.30
1.25 – 1.87
1.84 – 2.45
31
63
63
63 224
9.7
9.6
8.8
11.6
1
550
12
MIVIS
0.433 – 0.833
1.15 – 1.55
2.00 – 2.50
8.20 – 12.70
20
8
64
10 102
20
50
500
2
765
12
MAIS
0.45 – 1.1
1.40 – 2.50
8.2 – 12.2
32
32
7
20
30
400-800
varies
HYDICE
0.4 – 2.5
206
7.6-14.9
0.5
320
12
HYMAP
0.44 – 0.88
0.881 – 1.335
1.4 – 1.81
1.95 – 2.94
16
13
12
16
2.52.0
512
12
MODIS
0.4 – 14.5
71
128
8
36
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DATA RESOLUTION
Spatial Resolution: no of pixels per ground area
Increases when pixels become smaller
Spectral Resolution: no of bands per wavelength
Overall:increases with number of bands
Locally: increases when wavelength difference between
successive bands becomes smaller
Temporal al Resolution: no of imaging repetitions per time
Increases when days between
revisiting an area become fewer
Radiometric Resolution: no of values for grey tone variation = 2p
p = number of bits per single (integer) value
Increases with number of bits p
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THE DATA
one image for each band
covering the same ground area
Field Of View
no of bands
Instantaneous
Field Of View
for each band:
image = matrix of pixels
with R rows & C columns
pixel xij
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DATA FORMATS
BSQ:
Band Sequential
BIL:
Band Interleaved
by Pixel
BIL:
Band Interleaved
by Line
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DATA PRESENTATION
Each band in Black & White
black  pixel value 1
(0 reserves as “no data” code)
white  pixel value max (2p)
3 bands in a color composite
red  pixel value of 1st band
green  pixel value of 2nd band
blue  pixel value of 3rd band
1st, 2nd, 3rd band =
= any 3 bands in any order
The RGB Color System
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Landsat
Thematic Mapper
7 bands
Band 1
Band 2
Band 3
Band 4
Band 5
Band 7
Band 6
Color composites
3 2 1
4 3 2
7 4 2
7 5 4
5 7 4
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