Transcript Industrialization and .

Industrialization and
.
1800-1870
The Congress of Vienna
 A Story that Matters
P. 580
 Questions to Ponder:
Why would leaders of the Old Order choose to celebrate
the defeat of Napoleon with such a display of wealth and
pageantry?
Why might this have been a sign of the need for change
in Europe?
Why do some historians believe the Industrial
Revolution was as much a cause for the fall of the Old
Order as were the revolutions of the early 19th century?
The Industrial Revolution
 “Voices from the Past” p. 581
Why could employer’s get
away with this type of
treatment of their employees?
 Europe undergoing a shift
from a farming economy to a
_______________ economy
Began in _________ in 1780s
and spread to other Western
Nations decades later
Why did it get its start in Britain?
Contributing Factors
1. Changes in _______________ practices
More could be fed at lower prices with less labor
2. Increase in population (more food)= more labor
3. Britain was wealthy ($ to invest into machinery)
________: money; ____________: new business owner
4. Plentiful Natural Resources (rivers, _______, iron)
5. Large supply of ____________________
Colonial empire gave them a place to sell their goods
Industries
 _____________
Aided greatly by the invention of the ____
___________ (spun and weaved cotton)
 Powered by coal so it didn’t have to be
near a river
 Coal and __________
Coal needed to power steam engines
Seemed to be an unlimited supply
Iron used to build new machines
(especially transportation)
 ________________
Connected cities for transportation (of
goods & people)
Industrialization
The ___________
Created a new
labor SYSTEM
Owners: I bought
the machines, I want
them running!
• Workers forced to
work in _________
to keep machines
producing at a
steady rate
Social Impact in Europe
 Growth of Population and Cities
1750: 140 million people in Europe
1850: ________ million
 Why? Decline in _________ rates, war, disease; Increase in _____
 Also led to tough living conditions for city inhabitants
 Emergence of two new social classes
Industrial __________ Class
 People who built the factories, bought machines, and figured out where the
best markets were
Industrial __________ Class
 Faced horrible working conditions
• _________ hours a day, __ days/week, 30 min for lunch/dinner
• No security of employment and no minimum wage
 Led to the creation of child labor laws in Britain
• __________________ of 1833: set 9 as the minimum age (9-13 could
only work 9 hours a day, 13-18 could work 12)
What’s a Guy to Do?
 With women/children’s hours cut back and making
less than half of what men made, men were now
expected to earn most of the family income
Led to women taking over daily care of the ___________
while doing low paying jobs
 Conditions led to early forms of ______________
System in which society, usually in the form of the
government, owns and controls some ________________
(factories and utilities)
 Largely the idea of intellectuals who believed in the equality
of all people and who wanted to replace ______________
with ________________
The Way It Was…
Read Young People in…The Industrial
Revolution
P. 586
Answer #1-3
With ________________
defeated, Europe moved
to restore the great powers
(Britain, Austria, Prussia,
and Russia)
The Congress of Vienna met
to arrange a final _________
settlement
Reinstall old ____________ (or
next in line) to their positions
***Must keep any one country
from dominating Europe
• Balancing political and military
forces to guarantee the
independence of the great powers
The Congress of Vienna Writing
Assignment
 Imagine that you are a member of European
royalty OR a servant working at the king’s
palace at the Congress of Vienna.
Write a diary entry about their perceptions of the
celebrations and meetings following the Napoleonic Era.
 How would you feel about the festivities?
 What would you think the king was trying to accomplish
with all of the celebrating?
 How would you feel about the end of the Napoleonic Era?
 What would they hope the outcome of the Congress would
be? Why?
 How would your social position or the country you were
from influence your feelings?
 ~1 page (typed for Extra Credit)
Conservatism
 Based on tradition and social stability
Favored _____________ to authority; Hated revolutions
_________________: great powers had the right to send
armies into countries where there were revolutions in
order to restore legitimate monarchs to the their thrones
The New Forces of Change
 ____________: People should be as free as
possible from government restraint
Civil liberties must be protected!
Favored a government ruled by a ______________
 Did not believe in democracy, however
• Thought the right to vote should only be open to men of
property
 _______________
Arose out of people’s awareness of being part of a
community with common institutions, traditions,
language, and customs
 Gained popularity during the French Revolution
 Very much a threat to the existing political order! Why?
• Freedom could only be possible in people who ruled
themselves
The Revolutions of 1848
 Jigsaw Groups of 4!
Read p. 592-594
 Take notes in the
margins
The Revolutions of 1848
More space for notes…
Class Reading
Eyewitness to History
Revolutionary Excitement
P. 595
Discuss questions
Especially #2
The Breakdown of the Principle of
Intervention
Crimean War
Result of a long-standing struggle between ______
and the ____________ Empire
Ottomans weakening and Russia very interested their
territory (access to the ___________________)
Other European nations think this would give Russia too
much power and are against it
• Russian invades anyways;
Britain and France declare war on
Russia along with the Ottomans
• Russia loses/must seek peace
(withdraws from European affairs
for the next 20 years)
German Unification
 Looked to ________ for leadership
Prussia was a strong and prosperous
state with an authoritarian king
 Known for its ______________ (reliance on military strength)
Otto von ____________: Prussian prime minister
 Collected taxes to strengthen the army
 Governed without the approval of parliament
 Very active foreign policy (led to war)
 Prussia organized the Northern German states into
a North German Confederation
 Southern German states signed a military alliance
with Prussia for protection against France
German Unification
 Franco-Prussian War
Bismarck uses misunderstandings to get France to
declare war on Prussia in 1870
 Prussia dominates; France surrenders in 1871
 France pays ~$1 billion; and gave up territories
• Leaving them very bitter and ____________________
 Before the war ended, Southern German states
had agreed to enter the North German
Confederation
William I of Prussia was proclaimed _____________
(emperor) of the 2nd German Empire
Nationalism in…
 England
1815: Parliament dominated by __________________
landowning classes
 1832: Parliament passed a bill that increased the number
of male voters
• Increase mainly came from the Industrial ___________ Class
 By giving the I.M.C. an interest in ruling Britain, Britain
avoided revolution
 Continuing economic growth was another
reason for Britain’s stability
Working classes even starting to share in some of this
prosperity
Nationalism in…
 France
Four years after his election as president in 1848, LouisNapoleon returned to the people to ask for the restoration of
the empire
 How do you think they voted?
• _______% in favor!!!!
Assumed the title of Napoleon III, Emperor of France
(completely controlling everything)
Starts out very _______________
 1860s: opposition to some of his policies arose
• In response, he began to liberalize his regime
 Gave legislature more power
Short lived success though: France would fall to _________
in 1870 and the Second Empire Fell
Nationalism in…
 The United States
Bitter battle between the Federalists and the Republicans
over the division of power
 ______________: favored a strong central government
 ______________: wanted the federal government to be
subordinate to the state governments
Mid 19th century: ______________ becoming a threat to
American unity
 South’s economy based on slave labor
 _________________ (a movement to end slavery) growing
more popular especially up North
 1860: _________________ votes to secede from the U.S.
• 6 more states join them in 1861 and the Confederate States of
America is born
 American Civil War: 600,000 dead
• North wins and unity of the U.S. is preserved
The Emergence of Canada
Canada went from a French colony to a
____________ colony after the 7 years war
Most wanted freedom from British rule
Not united (Upper Canada was mostly ____________,
Lower Canada was mostly ______________)
After two short rebellions against the government broke
out in Upper and Lower Canada in 1837 and 1838, the
British moved toward change.
• Britain formally joins Upper and Lower Canada but did not
allow them to be self-governed
• Fearful of American involvement, the British finally give in
 ___________________________: established a
Canadian nation with its own constitution