Discover Peru

Discover Peru

www.peru.org.pe

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Discover Peru

PERU

• Third largest country in South America • Fourth most populous country in South America with 25 million inhabitants • Five bordering countries • Over 53.5 millon hectares of rainforest 2

Territory

• Covers an area equivalent to Spain, France and Italy combined. • Sovereignty extending 200 nautical miles and territorial rights to 60 million hectares in Antarctic.

• Three natural regions: coast, highlands and rainforest.

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Climate

Coast (Ica, Chiclayo, Lima, Piura, Trujillo, Tumbes)

• Northern region: warm year-round with highs of up to 35ºC in the summer.

• Central and southern regions: two well-defined seasons, winter, between April and October, and summer, between November and March.

Highlands (Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cusco, Puno)

• This region has two seasons, summer, between April and October, and winter, between November and March.

Rainforest (Iquitos, Madre de Dios, Manu)

• High rainforest (over 700 masl): has a temperate, subtropical climate with abundant rainfall.

• Lower rainforest (under 700 masl): has two seasons, summer or dry season, between April and October, sunny and hot; and winter or rainy season between November and March, with frequent downpours.

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Transportation

Entering the country

• By air: approximately 25 airlines fly into Lima from various cities of South America, North America and Europe. These include: Aerolíneas Argentinas, Aeroméxico, Alitalia, American Airlines, Avianca, Continental, Copa, Delta Airlines, Iberia, KLM, Lacsa, Lan Chile, Lan Peru and Lufthansa. Peru has 4 international airports: Arequipa, Cusco, Lima and Iquitos.

• By land: from Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia and Brazil.

Domestic transportation

• By air: Aerocontinente, Aviandina, Lan Peru, Taca and Tans are the main domestic airlines with regularly scheduled flights to the most popular destinations.

• By land: the main domestic land carriers are Cruz del Sur, Oltursa and Ormeño. 5

Cooking

• Potatoes: one of the Peruvian main contributions to the world • Fresh fruits: chirimoya, passion fruit, aguaymanto, lucuma and mango • Drinks Beverage: chicha (maize beer) and pisco (grape brandy) • Main dishes: cebiche (raw fish in lime juice, coast), pachamanca (meats and vegetable in a hot pit, highlands), cecina (smoked game, rainforest)

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Why Peru?

• Archaeological heritage • Ecological paradise • Experiential tourism

Machu Picchu, Cuzco 7

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Archaeological Heritage

• Ancient cultures fluorished across Peru hundreds of years ago (Lord of Sipan in Chiclayo).

• Inca Empire (1350 a.D.- 1530 a.D.) dominated most of the Andes with its capital in Cusco (Machu Picchu, the Sacred City).

• The most impressive agricultural terracing in the New World (Collaguas Valley in Arequipa, near the mountain where the mummy called Juanita, maiden of Ampato, was found).

• More than 100 archaeological sites just in Lima (Pachacamac was a pilgrimage center for over 2,000 years).

A gold mask from the Sepulcre of the Lord of Sipán 8

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An Ecological Paradise

• The Andean mountain range, rain forests and 2,500 km. of coastline.

• Contains 84 of the world´s 104 micro climates.

• More than 40 natural areas protected by the goverment (10 million ha.) • More than 20% of the world´s bird species.

• Between 40,000 and 50,000 species of plants.

Vicunas in the National Park of Pampa

Experiential Tourism

• Four hundred year old feasts connect the tourists with sources of spiritual energy (Coyllur Rit ´i in Cusco between May and June).

• Many villages maintain their ancestral way of life (Amazon inhabitants).

• Thousands of people continue to speak Quechua, the language of the Incas.

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Main Destinations

Iquitos Chiclayo Cajamarca Trujillo Huaraz Lima Madre de Dios Cusco Nasca Arequipa Puno

From Lima

Trujillo Chiclayo Cajamarca Huaraz Ica Arequipa Cusco Puno Iquitos Madre de Dios

Direct Flight

       

Panamerican Highway

North North North until Trujillo North until Pativilca South South South South -

Distance (km)

561 770 855 404 306 1009 1089 1320 NE of Lima 1619 11

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Trujillo

El Brujo archaeological complex

• Used as a stage by shamans from the Chicama valley.

Huaca del Sol and Huaca de la Luna

• Considered to be the largest mud pyramid in Peru.

Chan Chan

• The largest adobe brick city of pre-hispanic America.

Huanchaco

• Located an hour north is the small port of Chicama, visited by surfers from all over the world who come to ride the longest wave in the world. • Traditional totora reed rafts 12

Chiclayo, Lambayeque

Huaca Rajada

• Consisting of 2 huge adobe pyramids .

• In 1987, the remains of the Señor de Sipán were found intact in a special tomb.

Batán Grande National Reserve

• Consisting of 20 pre-Inca structures, where several different high-quality gold items were found. Considered one of the most important metallurgical centers of Peru.

Túcume or Valley of the Pyramids

• Consisting of 20 adobe pyramids each measuring almost 40 meters in height.

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Cajamarca

Baños del Inca

• Hot-springs renown for their healing power.

• Used by Inca nobles 500 years ago.

Ventanillas de Otuzco

• Horizontal galleries several meters deep.

• Excavated in volcanic rock during the pre-Inca period, for funeral use.

Cumbe Mayo

• The Aqueduct is an impressive system of channels cut into volcanic rock.

Porcón Farm

• Successful cooperative that has opened its doors to agrotourism.

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Ancash: Callejón de Huaylas

Chavín de Huántar

• 3,000 years ago it was the main religious and cultural center of the western world. These buildings still have numerous underground galleries and passageways.

Llanganuco Lagoons Huascarán National Park

• Highest tropical mountain range in the world.

• Declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.

Cordillera Blanca

• Mountaineering capital of Peru, has countless trekking circuits

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Lima, Capital of Peru

• Founded in 1535 by Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro.

• The most important and powerful metropolis of Spanish America during the XVI and XVII centuries.

• Lima, capital of the department of the same name, is divided into 43 districts, among them, Miraflores, San Isidro, Barranco and Chorrillos. • Callao, located 14 km from downtown Lima, is home to the country’s main port as well as to interesting tourist attractions such as the Real Felipe Fort. 16

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Main tourist attractions

Plaza Mayor or Main Square

• Three of the most important buildings from the colonial period surround this plaza: Cathedral, the Presidential Palace (known as Pizarro’s home) and the City Hall.

Churches and convents

• Iglesia y Convento de San Francisco • Iglesia de San Pedro • Iglesia y Convento de Santo Domingo • Convento de los Descalzos

Mansions and historic monuments

• Casa del Oidor • Palacio de Osambela • Casa de Aliaga • Casa de Pilatos

Most important museums

• National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History • National Museum 17

Outside Lima

Pachacámac Pyramid

• Oracle and pilgrimage center for over 2000 years.

Lomas de Lachay Reserve

• Coastal forest fed by mists; many mammal species, including deer and foxes.

Villa Wetlands Reserve

• Resting and feeding spot on the route of many migratory bird species.

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Ica

Paracas National Reserve

• Major wintering site for migratory shore birds from North America, Galapagos Islands, Patagonia and the Antartic.

• Incredible diversity of fish, shellfish, mollusks, marine algae, and marine mammals • Habitat of the Humboldt Penguin and the Andean Condor

Ballestas Islands

• Access: Ships from Bahía de Paracas or El Chaco beach (round travel: 4-5 hours).

• Rocky formations sheltering an important sea fauna: 2 vast guano seabirds colonies (guanayes and pelicans) Peruvian penguins (from Humboldt).

• Seawolves: Otaria byronia and Arctocephalus australis.

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The Nasca Lines

• Mysterious sand drawings covering a 1000 km².

• Massive zoomorphic figures, including the humming bird, spiders and monkeys. • According to Dr. María Reiche, the drawings are the largest astronomical calendar in the world. 20

Arequipa, The White City

Downtown

• Cathedral • Convento e Iglesia de San Francisco • La Compañía de Jesús

Colca Valley

• Highlights include the Ampato and Sabancaya volcanoes

Puerto Inca

• Formerly the coastal locality used by the Incas to supply the city of Cusco with fish.

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Cusco, Capital of the Inca Empire

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The Cathedral

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La Compañia de Jesús church

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San Blas (artists ´ quarter)

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Koricancha

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Sacsayhuamán

Its outer ramparts consist of huge carved stones (some weighing over 350 tons).

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Sacred Valley of the Incas

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Pisac

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Ollantaytambo, inhabited since Inca times

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Machu Picchu

• Located 120 km northwest of Cusco.

• Access: by train (4 hours), helicopter (20 minutes) or by hiking the Inca Trail (4 days).

• Scientifically discovered in 1911.

• Consists of military type structures as well as plazas, shrines and terraces.

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Puno

Lake Titicaca

• Highest navigable lake in the world, home to extraordinary wildlife.

Uros Island

• Inhabitants employ

totora

(reed), to fashion rafts and handicrafts.

Taquile Island

• Ancient cultural traditions, including weaving; community based tourism.

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Loreto

Pacaya Samiria National Reserve

• Established in 1982, Peru’s largest national reserve: 2,080,000 hectares.

• Its countless lakes, swamps and flood plains are home to 130 types of mammals, 330 bird species, and countless numbers of amphibians and reptiles.

• Among its main attractions are the giant turtles, manatees, dolphins, black caymans, macaws, jaguars, eagles and paiche.

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Amazonas

Kuélap

• Pre-Hispanic citadel of Chachapoyas kingdom. The most valuable arqueological atraction from peruvian northwest.

• The complex walls are decorated with geometric friezes. It also presents the enigmatic ink-pot (up-side-down cone). Acces to the edification are narrow corridors, similar to a falling funnel strategically built to protect the citadel of invaders.

• Due to its impressive characteristics is possible that in social level many reigns had existed with common characteristics such as idiom, religion and architecture.

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Madre de Dios

Manu National Park

• Established in 1973, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987.

• Peru’s most valuable natural treasure due to the great number of species it holds and of the diversity of ecosystems it protects.

• Natural setting with more than 20,000 plant, 1,200 butterfly, 1,000 bird and 200 mammal species as well as numerous reptile, amphibian and insect species.

Bahuaja-Sonene National Park

• Located in the jungle regions of Puno and Madre de Dios.

Tambopata Candamo Reserve

• Created in 1990, it has countless lakes filled with fauna such as the giant otter.

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Places in Peru declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO

• Chan Chan Archaeological Zone, Cultural Heritage • Huascarán National Park, Natural Heritage • Chavín de Huántar Archaeological Complex, Cultural Heritage • Lima’s Historical City Center, Cultural Heritage • The Nasca Lines, Cultural Heritage • Cusco’s Historical City Center, Cultural Heritage • Machu Picchu Historical Sanctuary, Cultural and Natural Heritage • Manu National Park, Natural Heritage • Río Abiseo National Park, Cultural and Natural Heritage • Arequipa’s Historical City Center, Cultural Heritage 28

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Main folk festivals in Peru

• Marinera Dance Festival (Trujillo, La Libertad): January 4 - 20 • Virgen de la Candelaria (Puno): February 2 • Easter Holy Week (Ayacucho): March and April • Peruvian Paso Horse Festival (Trujillo): September • Virgen de Chapi (Arequipa): May 1 • Qoyllur Rit’i (Cusco): June 12 • Inti Raymi (Cusco): June 24 • San Juan (Cusco, Loreto, San Martín, Ucayali): June 24 • Virgen del Carmen (Paucartambo, Cusco): July 15, 16 • El Señor de los Milagros (Lima): October 18 -28 29

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Calle Uno Oeste No. 50, Piso 13 y 14, Urb. Córpac - San Isidro Telephones 224 3271 / 224 3125 / 224 32 79 www.peru.org.pe

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