Transcript Phonics An Overview

Phonics
What is it??
•Phonics is an
organized
program where
letter/sound
correspondences
are directly taught
Phonic Elements
• 44 sounds in English
Language
• 26 letters
• English = very irregular
• Spanish = very regular
Teaching Phonics
• Instruction should be
systematic (building
gradually from basic
elements to more complex
patterns)
• Instruction should be
explicit (making sure kids
understand key points)
Systematic and Explicit Phonics
Instruction:
• Significantly improves Kdg. and
1st grade children’s word
recognition and spelling
• Is effective for children from all
social, cultural and economic
levels
• Is particularly beneficial for
struggling readers
Systematic and Explicit Phonics
Instruction:
• Is most effective when
introduced early
• Is not an entire reading
program for beginning readers
• Can be used effectively with
whole class, small groups or
individual students
Phonics
is
Systematic
Teaching Sequence
• Single consonants
• Begin with letters that are highly
regular (eg., f, l. m, n, s, v, z)
• Don’t add “buh” at end of sound!
• Short vowels
•
•
•
•
•
a = apple
e = elephant
i = incense
o = octopus
u = umbrella
C-V-C words can now be read
Sequence (con’t)
• Blends - 2 consonants
blended together ( eg., bl,
dr, tr, fl, st, etc.)
• Long Vowels - easy to
learn and reinforce with
C-VCe words ( rate, bite,
hope, tube, etc.)
Sequence ( con’t)
• Digraphs – 2 letters that
make a unique sound (sh,
ch, th, ph)
• Diphthongs – complex
sounds formed by shifting
form one vowel sound to
another ( oi, oy, au, aw)
• R-controlled vowels– /ar/
– /or/
/ir/
/er/
/ur/
The Most Useful Phonic
Generalizations
Adapted from Clymer, 1996.
Pattern
Description
Examples
Two sounds of
c
The letter c can be pronounced as /k/ or /s/. When
c is followed by a, o, or u, it is pronounced /k/
- the hard c sound. When c is followed by e, i,
or y, it is pronounced /s/ - the soft c sound.
cat
cough
cut
cent
city
cycle
Two sounds of
g
The sound is associated with the letter g depends
on the letter following it. When g is followed
by a, o, or u, it is pronounced as /g/ - the hard
g sound. When g is followed by e, i, or y, it is
usually pronounced /j/ - the soft g sound.
Exceptions include get and give.
gate
go
guess
gentle
giant
gypsy
CVC pattern
When a one-syllable word has only one vowel and bat
the vowel and the vowel comes between two
cup
consonants, it is usually short. One exception land
is told.
Final e or CVCe
pattern
When there are two vowels in a one-syllable word
and one of them is an e at the end of the word,
the first vowel is long and the final e is silent.
Three exceptions are have, come, and love.
home
safe
cute
Phonic Generalizations (con’t)
CV pattern
When a vowel follows a consonant in a onesyllable word, the vowel is long. Exceptions
include the, to, and do.
go
be
R-controlled
vowels
Vowels that are followed by the letter r are
overpowered and are neither short nor long.
One exception is fire.
car
for
birthday
-igh
When gh follows i, the i is long and the gh is
silent. One exception is neighbor.
high
night
Kn- and wr-
In words beginning with kn- and wr-, the first
letter is not pronounced.
knee
write
Phonics
is
Explicit
Types of Approaches
• Synthetic = explicitly
converting letters into
sounds and then blending
them together to form
words
• Analogy= teaching
unfamiliar words by
recognizing onsets and
rimes
Onsets and Rimes
• Onsets- the initial part of a
word that precedes the
vowel.
• Rime- the part of the word
that rhymes or shares the
same letter pattern
Onsets and Rimes
• Builds upon syllable
approach to teaching
reading in Spanish
• Stresses pronounceable
syllables
• Word families
-an, -at, -ell, -eg, -ill, -ip, -og,
-ot,-ub, -ug