Transcript Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation

THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR
GEOCOMPUTATION:
An Introduction
A Stewart Fotheringham
SFI Research Professor and Director
[email protected]
http://www.may.ie/ncg
Why has SFI created a National
Centre for Geocomputation?
Why hasn’t SFI created 5
such centres?
Who are we?
Corefunded
group
Affiliates
from rest
of
Ireland
NUIM
affiliates
Visiting
Fellows
Core Funded Group
Ann-Marie
Matthew
Sammon,
Burke, Senior
PhD
Stewart
Fotheringham,
Executive Assistant
Student
Director
Martin
Charlton,
Senior
Seamus
Coveney,
PhD
Orla Dunne, Executive
Research
Associate
Student
Assistant
Stamatis
Susanne
Tschirner,
Kalogirou,
Camille King,
STAR
Postdoctoral
Intern
Fellow
Awardee
Mary
O’Brien,
Spatial
Melanie
Tomintz,
Intern
John Sims,
STAR
Information
Awardee Officer
What is Geocomputation?
Geocomputation involves any aspect of
the capture, storage, integration,
management, retrieval, display,
analysis and modelling of spatial data
Spatial data contain locational info as
well as attribute info. Most data sets
are spatial.
Geocomputation
Computer Science
NCG
Geography
Statistics
Why is it important?
“Geotechnology is one of the
three most important emerging
and evolving research fields,
along with biotechnology and
nanotechnology”
US Dept. of Labor, cited
in Nature Jan 2004
Industrial Revolution
Information Revolution
Information is Power and a great
deal of information is spatial
Geocomputation promotes:
• Profitability – private sector
• optimal location of facilities
• shortest path algorithms
• Equity – social sector
• resource allocation
• impact analysis
• Efficiency – public sector
• sharing information (e.g. road building and
archaeological sites – M50 at Carrickmines Castle
and N3 around Hill of Tara)
• avoiding duplication of data collection
The Prevalence of Spatial Data
• Census of Population
• every 5 years in Ireland
• Customer databases
• Companies in the UK hold records on over 30
million individuals
• Traffic Flows
• Volumes of roads by time of day and day of the
week
• LiDAR
• Low pass fly overs by plane: rapid collection
of detailed data on terrain features - local
• DEMs
• US space shuttle mission - global
The Prevalence of Spatial Data
• Health Records
• Patient records
• Incidence of disease
• Satellite remotely-sensed images
• Land use cover
• Tracking changes over time
• Military
• Satellite GPS
• ESA launching Galileo starting next year (30
satellites) to begin in 2008. Cost € 3.2 billion and
annual running costs of € 140 million. Accuracy
of 1m for civilians
• US GPS launched in 1978
• Russia’s Glonass 1982
• European Commission estimates 3 billion
receivers by 2010 and market worth € 250 billion
The Growing Prevalence of GPSDerived Data
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
General data capture
In-car navigation systems
Vehicle tracking – cars, buses etc
Congestion charging
Criminal tagging
Animal tagging and tracking
Newmarket Oct 16th, 2004
The GPS watch
• Children
• Alzheimer patients
www.wherifywireless.com
GPS Locator
FOR CHILDREN
Peace of Mind for Parents.
Cool for Kids.
Children have a natural urge to explore. Parents have a natural
desire to know their children are safe.
That's why Wherify created the world's first Personal Locator to help
you determine your child's location in minutes. Wherify's GPS
Locator helps keep loved ones safe by combining Wherify's patented
technology with the U.S. Department of Defense's multi-billion dollar
Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites plus the largest 100%
digital, nationwide PCS wireless network.
So relax. Now you can have peace of mind 24 hours a day while your
child is the high tech envy of the neighborhood!
The Potential Use of
GPS-Derived Data
• Link to mobile phones - LBS
• The movement of individuals – lapel
badges
• Sports applications – runners,
football
• Covert surveillance
• GPS ‘dust’
Raises all kinds of ethical and legal
issues that we need to think about
now
Types of Spatial Data
1. GEODETIC
•
Coordinate reference system
2. ELEVATION
•
Heights above sea-level
3. BATHYMETRIC
•
Depth of water bodies
4. ORTHOIMAGERY
•
Georeferenced images of the
earth’s surface
5. HYDROGRAPHY
•
Rivers and streams, coastline
Types of Spatial Data
6. TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS
•
Roads, railways, canals
7. CADASTRAL
•
Property boundaries
8. UTILITIES
•
Locations of pipes, lines
9. BOUNDARIES
•
Electoral, school and health districts
10. FEATURES / ATTRIBUTES
•
Disease, toxic sites, census info.
agriculture, ind. loc. environmental
The Value of Spatial Data
Spatial data have enormous value
and underpin large elements of the
economy
“In the UK, for example, it has been
estimated that the value of the
information provided by OS underpins
some €160 billion of the national
economy”
www.eurogeographics.org
What’s special about spatial?
• Spatial data sets can be
LARGE
• They have special statistical
properties
• They lend themselves to many
innovative ways of visualisation
The Size of Spatial Data Sets
• Census of Ireland
• 3.9 million records
• Satellite land use images
• Terabytes of info
• Global data sets
• a dataset on a single attribute on each sq m of the
earth transmitted over a 256Kb/s modem would take
how long to transmit?
– 1 minute?
– 10 minutes?
– 1 hr?
Answer = 62 years
Take 714,285 CDs to store (7kms long)
Special Statistical Properties
• Spatial dependence
• statistical inference
• spatial interpolation
•Modifiable Areal Unit
Problem
• scale and reporting units
•Spatial nonstationarity
• global versus local modelling
of processes
GWR software sales
Korolinska Medical Institute, Sweden
Division of Marine Biology,
USGS
University of
the Algarve
Dept.
of
RoyalTransportation,
Veterinary College, UK
Univ of N.
Office of National
Statistics, UK
Carolina
Entomology Dept, Oregon St. University
CDC, Atlanta
Buenos Airies Police Dept
Institute of Behavioral Sciences,
University of Coloado
Ministry of the Environment, Singapore
Dept of Applied Economics, Univ. of
Minnesota
Health Canada
Dept. of Zoology, Univ of Vermont
EWL Sciences, Australia
Eli Lilley Pharmaceuticals, US
Geocomputation is
fundamental to a great
variety of application
areas
Special ways of
visualising spatial data
•
•
•
•
•
•
3-D mapping
Animations
Spatial querying
Buffering
Data Mixing
Views at different scales
Goals for the NCG
1. To establish itself as a world-class
research centre for geocomputation
•
Research and Development
•
Visiting scholars
•
Conferences/Workshops
•
Seminar series (sign up)
•
Expansion
•
Equipment – High-end, GIS-based
Visualisation and Graphics Lab
Goals for the NCG
2. To help promote the use of GIS and
spatial data analysis throughout
Ireland
•
Government offices (national and
local)
•
Schools
•
Universities
•
Irish Spatial Data Initiative
•
Undertake research on Irish spatial
data issues – spatial equity and
efficiency
Cost of Irish spatial data
… is expensive and prohibits academic
research and training on Irish problems
Cost of full set of 1:1000 vector data +
1:2,500 vector data to academics
UK
US
Ire.
€8,300 (registration fee for Digimap)
Free
€1,360,000
Goals for the NCG
3. To train the next generation of
geocomputational experts for
Ireland
•
PhD Fellowships
•
MSc in GIS (industry-relevant)
•
Work with GIS software industry (cf
UK’s CASE awards)
Goals for the NCG
4. To work with Ireland’s GIS software
industry
•
Train students
•
Joint research
•
Use and test products
•
ESRI Ireland
•
eSpatial Solutions Ltd
ESRI-Ireland
• Provision of a substantial
amount of ESRI software
• Sponsorship of PhD students
• Undertaking joint research
projects
eSpatial Solutions Ltd
Donation of €2.36 million to the
NCG
The NCG is now a Centre for
Excellence in Enterprise Spatial
Solutions
cf CAST in US
Hopes for the NCG
1. Become a Portal for academics
and government agencies within
Ireland providing a one-stop
spatial data service
•
Needs cooperation between OSI /
SFI / HEA / Census Office
•
cf DIGIMAP and MIMAS in UK
•
Needs hardware
Hopes for the NCG
2. Become a focal point for a Geogrid
network linking the various academic
groups across Ireland involved in
geocomputation
•
Spatial data sharing
•
Workshops/visitors/seminars
•
Hardware linkage cf Cosmogrid
•
Becoming affiliated with the NCG
Hopes for the NCG
3. Become a catalyst for the development
and use of GIS and spatial data analysis
within Ireland. For this we need:
•
Long-term commitment and support by
SFI. Urgent equipment needs.
•
Support from NUIM
•
The support of the GIS software ind.
•
The support of government depts and
agencies – contracts, spatial data,
sponsorship of students etc.
•
The support of the rest of the Irish GIS
community. Please get in touch.
“The NCG is the most
significant thing that has
happened to the GIS
industry in Ireland”
Peter Lyon, Director ESRIIreland
End of presentation