Transcript CIS 191

CIS 191 – Lesson 1
CIS 191AB Textbook
• UNIX and Linux System
Administration Handbook
4th Edition
• Authors:
– Evi Nemeth
– Garth Snyder
– Trent Hein
– Ben Whaley
• Used for CIS191 and
CIS192
• Last year’s book may
also be used.
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
Opus Linux Server
opus.cabrillo.edu
Remote shell access via SSH. SCP
access for turning in lab assignments
Each student gets an account on Opus
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
Online Help Forum for Students
• Post questions and answers
• Share Linux information
• Post class notes for classmates
who miss class
• Only your real names please!
Note: Posts count towards class participation.
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
Remote Access Lab
• Remote Desktop access to
cislab.cabrillo.edu
• Student accounts
• Access to your own virtual
machine
• 24/7 access
• Labs may be done
remotely.
• Do installations with a
variety of distros.
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
vCenter Server
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
Virtual Machines
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
Classroom Network
Internet
172.30.1.0/24
nopar
.1
172.30.5.0/24
172.30.4.0/24
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.5
.101
station-01
.100
cislab
.102
.102
.10
instructor
station-02
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station-03
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snickers
(DHCP)
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netlab
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nosmo
Lab Machines
ESXi Servers
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
CIS Lab
Can do arranged hours in CTC 1404
In the former recording studio:
• VMware Workstation.
• Multiple ISOs for installation
practice.
•Trouble VM for trouble-shooting
practice for CIS 191.
•Can boot from USB to test custom
distros on pen drives.
•Putty access to Opus.
•CIS Lab Network is 172.30.4.0/24
http://webhawks.org/~cislab/
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
Class Exercise
Opus, Website and Forum
Access Opus:
1. Open Putty on
Windows desktop
2. Enter
opus.cabrillo.edu as
hostname
3. Click Open
4. Logon with your login
name or guest191
and password on the
board.
5. Change your PATH
variable to include:
/home/cis191/bin
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
Class Exercise (continued)
Opus, Website and Forum
Access forum:
1. Click on Forum link in
top panel of website
2. Click on CIS191
forum
3. Click on first post
4. Register yourself
using your first and
last name for your
username*
*Note, this forum is for CIS students only and not for spammers . Only usernames
with that contain actual first and last names of registered students will be approved by
the moderator. All other usernames will be rejected.
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
Operating Systems
Various UNIX Products
SCO UNIX
AIX
HP-UX
Solaris
Mac OS X
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
Operating Systems
Various Linux Distributions
Red Hat 9
OpenSUSE
Fedora
Debian
Ubuntu
CentOS
Knoppix
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
Linux Distributions
compare and contrast
• Similarities:
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–
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kernel from kernel.org
system commands
bash shell
X Windows
• Differences:
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Installation programs
Graphical utilities
3rd party software
Package management
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
Basic role of a multi-user multi-tasking operating system
users
programs
Operating System
hardware
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
GNU/Linux Operating System Architecture
Users
(multi-user)
Programs (multi-tasking)
Shell
User
Space
Applications
Commands & Utilities
X / Desktops
GNU C Library (glibc)
Kernel1
Richard Stallman started
the GNU project in 1983
to create a free UNIXlike OS. He Founded
the Free Software
Foundation in 1985. In
1989 he wrote the first
version of the GNU
General Public License
System Call Interface
Process
Management
Kernel
Space
Memory
Management
Architecture Dependent
Kernel Code
Virtual
File System
Network
Stack
Device Drivers
Hardware
1See
“Anatomy of the Linux kernel” by M. Tim Jones at http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-linux-kernel/
Linus Torvalds, as a
student, initially
conceived and
assembled the Linux
kernel in 1991. The
kernel was later relicensed under the GNU
General Public License
in 1992.
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
User Space
Components
• Shell (in /bin)
• Command interpreter and programming language (scripting)
• Commands and utilities (in /bin, /sbin, /usr)
• cat, ping, ls, fdisk, chmod, man, ifconfig, ... 100’s more
• X / Desktops (in /usr)
• X window managers, gnome, kde, etc.
• GNU C Library (in /lib)
• Math, string, input, output, logging, kernel system calls, etc.
• Applications (in /usr, /opt)
• Browsers, word processing, spreadsheets, software development, administration,
databases, web servers, etc.
Design
• Programs restricted to the privileges of the user running them
• Unlike Windows, the GUI does not run in the kernel
• Unlike Windows, multiple graphical desktops available
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
The Linux Kernel (in /boot)
Major Subsystems:
• System Call Interface
• mechanism for user space programs to request kernel services.
• Process Management
• handles fork, exec, exit, kill, signals, CPU scheduling, etc.
• Memory Management
• allocation, usage tracking, paging, etc.
• Virtual File System
• open, close, read, write, caching, etc.
• Architecture Dependent Kernel Code
• Drivers (dynamically loadable drivers are in /lib/modules)
Design
• Linux kernel is “monolithic”, not a “microkernel”
• Dynamic – can load and unload modules on the fly
• Over time has become efficient, stable and portable
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
UNIX/Linux User Interfaces
CLI – Command Line Interface
GUI - Graphical User Interface
TUI - Text User Interface (uses curses library)
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
Types of Installations
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CD, DVD, or ISO image
Live CD/DVD
Attended vs. Unattended
Local vs. Network
Imaging software (Ghost, ImageCast)
Build from scratch
CIS 191 – Lesson 1
Three steps to an installation
1.
Prepare the storage device
Partition the disk
Format the filesystems
Select mount points for those filesystems
2.
Copy the selected packages
Package groups, packages, files
3. Write out the boot loader
MBR or boot sector (GRUB, LILO, SYSLinux)
Everything else is configuration