Transcript Oklahoma: Land of Contrasts

Oklahoma:
Land of Contrasts
Chapter 4:
European Quest for New Land
Study Presentation
©2006 Clairmont Press
Chapter 4:
European Quest for New Land
Section 1: Early European Explorers
Section 2: European-Indian Contact
Section 1: Early European
Explorers
What words do I need to know?
1. middlemen
6. conquistador
2. expedition
7. skirmish
3. cartographer
8. missionary
4. Northwest Passage 9. colony
5. isthmus
10. alliance
Section 1: Early European
Explorers
PREVIEW
• Check out the headings and
subheadings
• Examine the pictures and read the
captions
Section 1: Early European
Explorers
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Scandinavian Vikings were possibly the first
Europeans to visit the Americas
Leif Ericsson set foot in what became North
America in 1001 A.D.
Established a settlement called Vinland (in
eastern Canada)
Vikings may have been in eastern Oklahoma in
1012 A.D.
Section 1: Early European
Explorers
• The Search for New Trade Routes
– Christopher Columbus
– Other Early Explorers
• Spain in the New World
– Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
– Juan de Padilla
– Hernando de Soto
– Juan de Oñate
– France in the New World
– La Salle
– La Harpe
– Other French Explorers
• England in the New World
The Search for New Trade Routes
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1400s: European countries
seeking new trade routes to the
Orient after centuries
Treasured Oriental silk, perfumes,
drugs, gold, jewels, dyes, teas, &
spices (pepper, cinnamon,
nutmeg, and cloves)
Shorter route to Far East:
eventually landed on the South &
North American continents
Christopher Columbus
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Italian sea captain
Believed best route to the Far East lay
to the west
Estimated distance from Portugal to
Japan less than 3,000 miles
August 3, 1492: set sail (headed West)
from Palos on the Niña, the Pinta, and
the Santa Maria
October 12, 1492: landed on an island
near San Salvador
Made four voyages to the New World
Other Early Explorers
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1497: John Cabot landed in
Newfoundland
First European given credit for
reaching the North American
mainland
Vasco da Gama: discovered sea
route to India around Africa
Magellan: responsible for the 1st
expedition to circle the globe
Spain in the New World
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Ponce de Leon (1513): landed in
what is now Florida
Balboa: crossed the Isthmus of
Panama to reach the Pacific Ocean
Cortés (1519): landed in present-day
Mexico & (1521) conquered Aztecs
Nárvaez (1527): unsuccessful
expedition to the Cape of Florida –
led to his death
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
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“Seven Cities of Cibola”: false reports of
houses of gold & turquoise enticed
Mendoza
Coronado (appointed by Mendoza): led
expedition (1000 men, 1500 horses &
mules, and numbers of cattle & sheep)
Financial disaster – yet territory claimed
for Spanish empire
Coronado & troops: followed a route
through Oklahoma Panhandle
Juan de Padilla
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An ordained priest with Coronado
expedition
Did missionary efforts among the
Indians
He and his group warmly received
at Quivira
Padilla eventually ambushed –
killed by Kaw Indians
Padilla’s helpers vowed to carry a
wooden cross across Oklahoma to
the Gulf Coast (do Campo route)
Hernando de Soto
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Led 1539 expedition: 700 men, over
200 horses, dogs, and equipment
Explored Florida & other areas in
the Southeast
1542: wintered on the Arkansas
River (died same year)
Added to Spain’s land claims north
of Mexico
Brought diseases to Indians
Juan de Oñate
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1595: charged with settling New
Mexico – mainly to spread
Catholicism
1598: established San Juan de
lost Cabelleros (first Spanish
settlement in Nuevo Mexico)
1601: more legends of gold
brought Oñate to Oklahoma
Helped open the door to the
multitude of changes to come
France in the New World
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French: looking for furs & trade
Bartered for food, furs, and more
Founded Quebec
Did not try to conquer Indians
Treated Indians with more respect
Did seek fabled route through the
continent
1673: Jolliet & Marquette –
expedition down Mississippi River
La Salle
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Desired to set up trading posts
down the Mississippi River
Claimed land drained by
Mississippi River for King Louis
XIV of France
Murdered by frightened &
frustrated colonists
His claim led to the first French
colony – eventual exploration of
Oklahoma
La Harpe
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Jean Baptiste Bernard de la Harpe –
established a trading post along the
Red River
Explored much of eastern
Oklahoma
Was impressed with the Indian
nations and their lifestyle
Also impressed with the land
Established trading partners with the
Indians & beginning of French trade
Other French Explorers
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French: placed importance on
Oklahoma
Mid-1700s: French explorers – PierreAntoine & Paul Mallet and Andre
Fabre de la Bruyere
Early French influence evident in
names of rivers, geographical
features, and communities in eastern
Oklahoma & surnames found in
Oklahoma families
England in the New World
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John Cabot (1497): provided
England’s claim to North America
1588: Spanish Armada’s defeat by
England further ensured English
dominance of New World
Unsuccessful attempts to find
fabled Northwest Passage
By end of 1600s twelve English
colonies along Atlantic Coast
Indian life affected by Europeans
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Section 2: European-Indian
Contact
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
– What were the effects on Indians
of contact with Europeans?
Section 2: European-Indian
Contact
What words do I need to know?
1. economy
2. calumet
3. immunity
Section 2:
European-Indian Contact
PREVIEW
• Check out the headings and
subheadings
• Examine the pictures and read
the captions
Horse Sense
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Horses: an immediate & significant
impact on Indian life
Called “magic dogs” & “wonder
dogs”
Updated the Indians & allowed
more permanent villages
Extended the range of Indian life
and adventure
Plants
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Included maize (corn), beans,
potatoes, squash, pumpkins,
cacao, tomatoes, bell peppers,
peanuts, passion fruit, sunflowers,
& almost 50 varieties of berries
Indians, for thousands of years,
grew, chewed, and smoked
tobacco – it became a major
export to Europe
Disease
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Europeans: brought diseases to
Indians
In Mexico: as many as 9 million out
of 10 million may have died from
diseases and/or battle
Smallpox: deadliest to all Indians
Immunity too late to rebuild Indian
population prior to being conquered
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