Transcript Unit 1 - Romlux

ROMANIAN NUCLEAR
PROGRAM
Worldwide, there were 439 nuclear power reactors in operation at the end of 2007, totaling 372 GW(e) of
generating capacity . In 2007, nuclear power supplied about 14% of the world's electricity.
Reactors in
Operation
Country
No. of Units
Reactors under
Construction
Total
MW(e)
Argentina
2
935
Armenia
1
Belgium
No. of Units
1
Nuclear Electricity
Supplied in 2007
Total
MW(e)
% of Total
Years
Months
6.7
6.2
58
7
376
2.4
43.5
33
8
7
5 824
45.9
54.1
219
7
Brazil
Bulgaria -
2
2
1 795
1 906
1 906
11.7
13.7
2.8
32.1
33
143
3
3
Canada
China
18
11
12 610
8 572
4 220
88.2
59.3
14.7
1.9
546
77
1
3
Czech Republic
6
3 619
24.6
30.3
98
10
Finland
France
4
59
2 696
63 260
22.5
420.1
28.9
76.9
115
1582
4
2
Germany
17
20 430
25.9
717
5
Hungary
4
1 829
13.9
36.8
90
2
India
Iran, Islamic Republic of
17
3 782
6
1
2 910
915
15.9
2.5
284
4
Japan
55
47 587
1
866
267.3
27.5
1 331
8
Korea, Republic of
20
17 451
3
2 880
136.6
35.3
299
8
Lithuania
1
1185
9.1
64.4
41
6
Mexico
2
1 360
10.0
4.6
31
11
Netherlands
1
482
4.0
4.1
63
0
2
5
1
1
692
TW-h
Total Operating
Experience through 2007
1 600
1 600
133.21
Reactors in
Operation
Country
No. of Units
Reactors under
Construction
Total
MW(e)
No. of Units
1
Pakistan
2
425
Romania
2
1 305
Russian Federation
31
21 743
Slovakia
5
Slovenia
Nuclear Electricity
Supplied in 2007
Total
MW(e)
% of Total
Years
Months
2.3
2.3
43
10
7.1
13.0
11
11
148.0
16.0
932
4
2 034
14.2
54.3
123
7
1
666
5.4
41.6
26
3
South Africa
2
1 800
12.6
5.5
46
3
Spain
8
7 450
52.7
17.4
253
6
Sweden:-------
10
9 034
64.3
46.1
352
6
Switzerland
5
3 220
26.5
40.0
163
10
Ukraine
15
13 107
87.2
48.1
338
6
United Kingdom
19
10 222
57.5
15.1
1419
8
United States of America
104
100 582
1
1 165
806.6
19.4
3 291
9
Total b,c
439
372 208
33
27 193
2 608.1
14
13 036
5
6
2
300
TWh
Total Operating
Experience through 2007
3 639
1 900
Monde : production nette denergie nucléaire en 2006
World: net nuclear energy production for 2006
Production électrique
Production électrique
Part du nucléaire
Pays
totale (GWh nets)
nucléaire (GWh nets)
dans la production %
Countries
(Net total generation)
(Net nuclear generation)
(Nuclear share)
Afrique du Sud South Africa
228
10
4.4
Allemagne Germany
505
159
31,4
Argentine Argentina
103
7
6,9
Arménie Armenia
6
2
42
Belgique Belgium
81
44
54.4
Brésil Brazil
392
13
3.3
Bulgarie Bulgaria
42
18
43,6
Canada
584
92
15.8
Chine China
2 841
55
1,9
Corée du Sud South Korea
365
141
38,6
Espagne Spain
290
57
19.8
Etats-Unis USA
4 054
787
19,4
Finlande Finland
79
22
28
France
549
429
78,1
Hongrie Hungary
33
13
37.7
Inde India
595
16
2.6
Japon Japan
973
292
30
Lituanie Lithuania
11
8
72,3
Mexique Mexico
214
10
4,9
Pakistan
93
3
2,7
Pays-Bas Netherlands
94
3
3,5
Monde : production nette denergie nucléaire en 2006
World: net nuclear energy production for 2006
Production électrique
Production électrique
Part du nucléaire
Pays
totale (GWh nets)
nucléaire (GWh nets)
dans la production
%
Countries
(Net total generation)
(Net nuclear generation)
(Nuclear share)
Rép.tchèque Czech Republic
78
25
31.5
Roumanie Romania
58
5
9
Royaume-Uni United Kingdom
376
69
18.4
Russie Russia
907
144
15,9
Slovaquie Slovakia
29
17
57.2
Slovénie Slovenia
13
5
40,3
Suede Sweden
136
65
48
Suisse Switzerland
70
26
37,4
Taiwan (Chine / China)
197
38
19.5
Ukraine Ukraine
178
85
47,5
Total
14 175
2 662
18,8
Source AIEA (base de données PRIS),
IAEA (PRIS database)
Caractéristiques principales des filières électronucléaires
Main characteristics of reactor types
FILIÈRES REGROUPÉES FILIÈRE
CALOPORTEUR
reactor type groups
type
coolant
AGR
C02
ADVANCED GAS
MGUNGG
COOLED C02
MAGNOX GAS COOLED
MODERATEUR
COMBUSTIBLE
moderator
fuel
GRAPHITE-GAZ
gas-graphite
EAU LOURDE
U02 ENRICHI
HTR(GT-MHR,PBMR)
PHWR
heavy water
EAU ORDINAIRE
light water
BWR (ABWR)
PWR (APWR, WWER)
He
HIGH TEMPERATURE
EAU LOURDE
SOUS PRESSION
heavy water
pressurized
EAU ORDINAIRE
BOUILLANTE
light water
boiling
EAU ORDINAIRE
SOUS PRESSION
pressunzed
NEUTRONS RAPIDES
SURGENERATEUR
light water
SODIUM
fast reactor
breeder
sodium
EAU-GRAPHITE
RBMK (LWGR)
EAU ORDINAIRE
BOUILLANTE
light water
boiling
EAU ORDINAIRE
BOUILLANTE
light water
boiling
water-graphite
EAU ORDINAIRE-EAU
LOURDE
HWLWR (ATR)
enriched U02
U NATUREL
GRAPHITE
natural U
U02. UC2. Th02.
EAU LOURDE
U02 NATUREL OU ENRICHI
heavy water
natural or enriched U02
EAU ORDINAIRE
U02ENRICHi
light water
enriched U02
OU U02 ENRICHI ET MOX
or enriched U02 and MOX
UO2ENRICH!-Pu02
enriched U02-Pu02
GRAPHITE
U02 ENRICHI
enriched UO2
EAU LOURDE
U02 ENRlCHI-Pu02
heavy water
enriched U02-Pu02
light water-heavy water
ABWR; APWR, GT-MHR, PBMR : MODELES AVANCES DE REACTEUR (Advanced reactor type )
ROMANIAN INSTALL POWER (2006)
FUEL
Install capacity (MW)
Out of use (MW)
In use (MW)
Coal
8304
2370
5934
Operating capacity
(MW)
4699
Oil and gas
4174
1522
2652
347
Hydro
5828
5828
5804
Nuclear
706
706
706
Others
985
985
985
16105
12541
TOTAL
19997
3892
Number of consumers: 8.3 million
National grid length: 9600 km (220 kV, 400 kV and 750 kV).
2008 – ROMANIA
ELECTRICITY GENERATION, by SOURCE
-Total produced : 64.772 MWh -
CNE CERNAVODA
CERNAVODA NPP
General Site View
CERNAVODA NPP
General Site View
CERNAVODA NPP
General Site View
CERNAVODA NPP
General Site View
WORK PROGRESS FOR CERNAVODA NPP
MILESTONES
Time Period
1978
Type of work
Contracts between AECL (Canada) and Romenergo (Romania)
concluded for Nuclear Steam Plant - Unit. l
1979
Start work on Cernavoda site
1980
First concrete - Reactor Building Unit. l
1981
Contracts between Ansaldo (Italy), General Electric (USA) and
ROMENERGO (Romania) for Balance of the Plant (BOP)- Unit.l
and. 2
1982
Governmental decision to increase supply of components from
Romania.
1983
Containment perimeter wall sliding complete (Units 1 and 2).
WORK PROGRESS FOR CERNAVODA NPP
MILESTONES
Time Period
Type of work
1984-1985
Contracts with equipment main suppliers concluded.
1985
Installed Calandria vessel - Unit. 1.
1986
Installed Calandria vessel - Unit. 2.
1989
Fuel channels installation- Unit. 1.
1990-1991
Inspections, repairs and corrective actions.
1991
New Project Management Contract with AECL - Ansaldo Consortium.
1992-1993
Construction work continued for Unit. 1 Preparation work perform
for Units 2-5
16.04.1996
U1 First criticality
11.07.1996
U1 Grid connection
02.10.1996
U1 Full power
Cernavoda NPP – a clean Source of Electricity
In January, 2009, Unit 1 produced 529.131 MWh, out of which 486.972 MWh in the National
Power System, at a capacity factor of 101,72%.
In 2008, Cernavoda NPP- Unit 1 produced 5.227.976 MWh, out of which 4.805.476 MWh
have been supplied in the National Power System, at an average capacity factor of 84,83%, due to
planned shut-down in June, 2008.
In 2007, Cernavoda NPP- Unit 1 produced 6.005.175 MWh, 5.518.346 MWh being supplied
in the National Power System, at a 97,62% factor of capacity.
In 2006, the quantity of electricity produced within “Nuclearelectrica” SA National Society, by
Cernavoda NPP – Nuclearelectrica Plant Unit 1, was of 5.631.510 MWH. In SEN, 5.177.926 MWh
have been supplied, in the conditions in which Unit 1 also supplied the inner consumption services
of Unit 2, being, at that date, under testing.
More than that, every year, Unit 1 supplied 60 to 80 Gcal for heating services to the consumers
living on the industrial platform of the plant, and Cernavoda town. as well ( about 50% out of the
required quantity ) at a specific price, the lowest at national level, without affecting the
nominal power of the turbo power unit in any way.
REACTOR
5x700 MWe NUCLEAR POWER PLANT CERNAVODA
1. Reactor Type:
- CANDU - PHW, horizontal, with pressure tubes, heavy water moderated and cooled.
- fuel - natural UO2
2. Rated Power:
- Thermal power:
2180 MWt
- Electric power output: 706.494 MWe
- Net electric power: 629.846 MWe
3. Purpose:
- Electric power production
4. Location:
- Cernavoda, Constantza county, Romania
5. Owner:
Romanian Electricity Authority (RENEL) through Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant Branch
(FCNE - Cernavoda)
6. Designer and Constructor:
- Center of Technology and Engineering for Nuclear Projects (CITON - Bucharest)
Design based on AECL Canada documentation, for the Nuclear part, and ANSALDO Italy
documentation, for the classical part.
- CNE S.A. Cernavoda - Constructor
- Nuclearmontaj S.A., AMEA S.A., TMUCB S.A., Energomontaj S.A. - Installation Works
7. Today Status of Works (January 2001):
Unit 1 - in operation since December 2, 1996
Unit 2 - construction completed about 30%
8. Number of Units: 5
9. Reactor:
- number of channels: 380
- arrangement of channels: square lattice
- core radius: 314.17 cm
- core length: 394.36 cm
- fuel quantity: 95.76 tons UO2 (4580 fuel elements)
- burnup: 180 MWh/kg U (average)
260 MWh/kg U (maximum)
10. Moderator:
- D2O inventory: 264.3 tons (concentration 99.75% mol.)
- thermal load: 120 MWt
- reactor inlet/outlet temperatures: 49/77º C
- flow rate: 940 l/sec
11. Reactor Primary Coolant:
- D2O inventory: 199.1 tons (concentration - 99.5% mol.)
- thermal load: 2064 MWt
- reactor inlet/outlet temperatures: 266/310º C
- flow rate: 7.7x103kg/sec
- header inlet/outlet pressures: 11.13/9.89 MPa
- number of loops: 2, double.
12. Fuel Handling:
- number of fuelling machines (FIM): 2
- on-power loading
- position as to the reactor: outside
13. Secondary Agent:
- fluid: steam
- pressure: 4.6 MPa
- temperature: 260º C
- flow rate: 3758.152 t/h
14. Turbine - Generator Ass.:
- type: condensation, multistage action, axial on one shaft line, consisting of
four sections: a double flow high pressure section and three double flow low
pressure sections
- rated speed: 1500 RPM
- number of steam extraction lines: 5
- condenser vacuum: 4 kPa
- condenser circulation water flow rate: 46 m3/sec
- electrical generator: - rated power: 800 MVA
- power factor: 0.9
- rated voltage: 24 KV
- stator cooling agent: H2O
- rotor cooling agent: H2
15. Instrumentation and Control:
- process control is carried-out by two process computers;
- measurements are duplicated or triplicated;
- plant control: from the Main Control Room (MCR) or, in
case of MCR unavailability, the plant is controlled from
the Secondary Control Room (SCR).
16. Nuclear Safety Design Philosophy and Special Systems:
- NPP design, construction and operation should provide
that the occurance probability of any radioactive
release due to any component failure or human error
in manoeuvering, is under 10-7 year reactor
- prestressed concrete shielding containment (outer
diametre - 43.59 m; height - 51.21 m)
- emergency core cooling systems
- shut-down cooling system no.2 (6 shut-down liquid
injection units with boron or gadolinium solution)
17. Layout (for 5 Units)
- enclosure area: 40 ha
- building occupational rate: 42.2%
- overall occupational rate: 81%
- installed power related to the enclosure area: 87.5 MWe/ha
RESEARCH REACTORS
SCN Pitesti
SCN Pitesti is owner of a TRIGA
reactor, a pool type reactor, with 2
cores: Steady State Reactor ( SSR )
which operates at maximum 14 MW
and Annulus Core Pulse Reactor
( ACPR ), that can give a pulse of
20.000 MW and be operated as a
SSR at maximum 500 W.
The reactor has been in operation
since 1979.
Hot cell operating area
The Post-Irradiation
Examination Laboratory first
started operation in 1983; it is
has been used to investigate
the fuel and the structural
materials typical for power
reactors. The laboratory in
Pitesti is the only one of the
kind in the country and one of
the most performing at
international level.
RESEARCH REACTORS
IFIN – Horia Hulubei –
Bucuresti - Magurele
Since 1957 IFIN – HH is the owner of
a VVR – S reactor, thank type, of 2
MW power.
Reactor was permanently shut down
in 1997 and a governmental decision
for decommissioning was issued in
2002
Heavy Water Plant
ROMANIAN experience in D2O fabrication technology based on water distillation
Installations designed, constructed and commissioned by Romanian institutes and Enterprises:
Plant
ICSI
Rm Vilcea
Capacity [t]
D2O/y
Designed
Constructed
Commissioned
2
1978 - 1980
1979 - 1981
1982
HW Plant
Romag SA
Drobeta
400
1985 - 1988
1987 - 1989
1989
D2O Upgraders
Unit 1 NPP
Cernavoda
150
1986 - 1988
1993 - 1996
1996
D2O Upgraders
Unit 2 NPP
Cernavoda
150
2003 - 2004
2003 - 2006
2007
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