Transcript Reactions of Metals ppt File - Watford Grammar School for Boys

9E Reactions of metals and metal compounds
9E Reactions of metals
and metal compounds
Useful metals
Metals and metal
compounds
Salts
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9E Reactions of metals and metal compounds
Useful metals
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9E Properties of metals
We use metals for bridges and cars,
for jewellery, and even inside our bodies.
What’s so special about metals?
Complete the table. Answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
property
typical of metals?
good conductor of heat
yes
poor conductor of electricity
no
shiny surface
does not react with oxygen
yes
yes
no
gas at room temperature
no
can be beaten into flat sheets
Give three more properties of metals.
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9E Which metal?
There are lots of metals, all slightly different.
How do we choose which metal to use for which job?
Match up the properties with the way we use each metal.
use
1 titanium for artificial hip
joints
property of metal
A very
C
has alight
highand
density
strong,
and unreactive
2 copper in electrical circuits
B cheap
D
shiny and
andunreactive,
a good
so it does not
conductor
of electricity
tarnish
3 gold for jewellery
C shiny
B
very light
andand
unreactive,
strong,
andit unreactive
so
does not tarnish
4 lead for weights
D has
A
cheap
a high
and density
a good
conductor of electricity
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9E Odd ones out
Read all about it!
There is something odd about these substances. What is it?
Mercury: a liquid metal that
conducts heat and electricity
well. It is very dense and was
used during the Spanish
Inquisition to kill people.
Victims were forced to swallow
mercury which is very
poisonous.
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Graphite: a black powder that
conducts electricity. It feels
quite slippery and is used in
pencils. A stick of graphite
leaves a smear on a rough
surface like paper as it passes
over it. But is it a metal?
9E Reactions of metals and metal compounds
Metals and metal
compounds
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9E I’ll name that gas in...
Many metals react with acids to produce a gas.
But which gas is it?
And the
CLUE
1 gas is...
2
3
Thinkgas
The
about
burns
is
not
the
formulae
with
oxygen.
Hydrogen!
a popping
for
acids: sulphuric
sound.
acid H2SO4,
hydrochloric acid
HCl,
nitric acid HNO3.
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9E Metals and acids
How do metals react with acids? Complete this equation.
metal + hydrochloric acid
?
+
?
Write a word equation for each metal with hydrochloric acid:
calcium magnesium
zinc
iron
lead
copper
silver
What evidence would tell you this reaction has occurred?
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9E More metals, more acids
Metals react with acids to produce a salt and hydrogen.
Which salts would be made here?
metal
salt produced in
hydrochloric acid
salt produced in
sulphuric acid
magnesium
magnesium chloride
magnesium sulphate
zinc
zinc chloride
zinc sulphate
iron
iron chloride
iron sulphate
Write a word equation for the reaction of magnesium with
nitric acid.
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9E What happens to the atoms?
In any chemical reaction the atoms are rearranged.
Metals react with acids like this.
zinc ++ hydrochloric
acid
sulphuric acid
Zn ++
H22HCl
SO4
Zn
++
zincsulphate
chloride + + hydrogen
zinc
hydrogen
ZnSO
++
H
ZnCl4 2
H22
++
Hydrogen bubbles appear because hydrogen atoms leave
the acid and pair up to form hydrogen molecules.
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9E I’ll name that gas in...
Metal carbonates react with acids to produce a gas.
But which gas is it?
And the
CLUE
1 gas is...
2
3
The gas
Carbon
formulae
dioxide!
puts
is
notout
for
hydrogen.
a burning
carbonates:
spill.
sodium carbonate Na2CO3,
copper carbonate CuCO3,
zinc carbonate ZnCO3.
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9E Acids and metal carbonates
There’s another way of proving that the gas given off is
carbon dioxide.
What will happen to the limewater?
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9E Acids and metal carbonates
Metal carbonates react with acids.
metal carbonate + acid
salt + water + carbon dioxide
This reaction has helped to shape
our landscape. It has formed huge
caves out of solid rock, with
stalactites and stalagmites.
Calcium carbonate (limestone) is
insoluble. When it reacts with
acidic rainwater, a soluble salt is
formed. The rock wears away.
Write a word equation for the reaction of
calcium carbonate with nitric acid.
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9E What happens to the atoms?
When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid, the atoms
are rearranged.
nitric
sodium
+
acidacid
carbonate+ sulphuric
magnesium
carbonate
Na2CO3 +
2HNO3
MgCO3 +
H2SO4
sodium + carbon
nitrate + carbon
dioxide
magnesium
sulphate
2NaNO3 + dioxide
CO2
MgSO4 +
CO2
+
+
+
+
+ water
+ water
+ H2O
+ H2O
+
+
Where did the carbon dioxide molecules come from?
How was the water formed?
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9E What, no gas?
The reaction between a metal oxide and an acid does
not produce a gas. What does it produce?
And the
CLUE
1 answer is…
2
3
The salt
There
When
formula
is formed
sulphuric
no clue
for iron
acid
when
3! oxide
reacts
they
is FeO,
react
with
iron
is and
iron
oxide
the
sulphate,
itformula
produces
for
sulphuric
formula
iron
sulphate
FeSO
acidand
. What
Hwater.
4is
2SOelse
4.
is left over?
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9E Acids and metal oxides
How does copper oxide react with sulphuric acid?
copper oxide + sulphuric acid
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copper sulphate + water
9E What happens to the atoms?
When a metal oxide reacts with an acid, the atoms are
rearranged.
copper oxide +
CuO
+
sulphuric acid
H2SO4
copper sulphate +
CuSO4
+
+
water
H 2O
+
magnesium
oxide
+
hydrochloric
acid
magnesium
chloride
+
water
MgO
+
2HCl
MgCl2
+
H 2O
+
+
How was the water formed?
Write a general word equation for this reaction.
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9E Reactions of metals and metal compounds
Salts
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9E Salt with everything?
What does the word salt mean to you?
Chemists use the word salt to mean...
a compound that is made when a metal
replaces the hydrogen in an acid.
Which acid would you use to make these salts?
metal
+ acid
salt
potassium
hydrochloric acid
potassium chloride
sodium
sulphuric acid
sodium sulphate
calcium
nitric acid
calcium nitrate
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9E Yet more salts!
Lots of different reactions make salts.
Here are three examples to complete.
metal + acid
salt +
metal oxide + acid
metal carbonate + acid
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?
salt +
?
salt +
?
+
?
9E Name that salt
Salts are very useful chemicals. We use them to flavour
our foods, fertilise our crops, and even as antiseptics.
Remember that a salt is an acid with its hydrogen
replaced by a metal. How many salts can you name?
Name as many salts as you can remember (or make up!)
in two minutes.
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9E How many did you get?
These are just some of the salts you might have named...
the chlorides (potassium chloride, sodium chloride…)
the nitrates (lead nitrate, zinc nitrate…)
the sulphates (magnesium sulphate, calcium sulphate…)
Check your score!
under 5
don’t give up the day job!
5–10
not bad
11–15
good
16–20
very good
20+
wow! you’re super salty!
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9E Names and formulae
Which formula belongs with which salt?
CuCl2
NaCl
AlCl3
ZnSO4
KNO3
sodium chloride
NaCl
potassium chloride
aluminium chloride
zinc sulphate
copper chloride
KNO3
AlCl3
ZnSO4
CuCl2
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9E Quiz
1. Which of these are all metals?
a) graphite, copper and lead
b) magnesium, calcium and marble
c) copper, magnesium and iron.
2. Which gas is given off when a metal carbonate reacts
with an acid?
a) carbon dioxide
b) hydrogen
c) none.
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9E Quiz
3. Which gas is given off when a metal oxide reacts with
an acid?
a) carbon dioxide
b) hydrogen
c) none.
4. Which gas is given off when a metal reacts with an
acid?
a) carbon dioxide
b) hydrogen
c) none.
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