Transcript - Demisec

BIODIESEL GLYCERIN:
The consequences and solutions
The GTBE® Company
Sjaak van Loo
([email protected])
Procede Group BV
(www.procede.nl)
• Activities:
Process and Product development based on leading
knowledge in process (chemical) engineering
• Markets & clients:
• Oil&Gas, Chemical and Food industry
• 60% multinationals, 30% SME’s
• 10% own technology positions (spin-off’s)
• Resources:
• ~ 30 process engineers (all academic, 25% PhD)
• Research facilities, laboratories
2
General background
• Glycerin is probably one of the first organic molecules
known to man (ever since the discovery of soapmaking) So its uses are well-developed.
• The peculiarity of glycerin, from any source, is that it is
a by-product, so that its production is independent of
market demand.
• 10% of oil and fat input for soap, fatty acid and ester
manufacture is set free as glycerin.
3
Glycerin and Biodiesel
(1)
• EU directive EC 2003/30/EG sets targets for renewable
transportation fuels:
• 2 % of total in 2005
• 0,75 % growth per year to 5,75 % in 2010
• Two main types: Bio-ethanol & Biodiesel
• Sharply increasing amounts of
glycerin produced as by-product
from biodiesel production
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Glycerin and Biodiesel
(2)
Biodiesel Capacity in Europe
(Joint Research Centre EC, 2004)
Production capacity
[Mton/a]
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Year
• For every ton of biodiesel 100 kg of glycerin is coproduced, leading to 1 M ton/a glycerin in 2010.
• These quantities are generated over and above the
amounts from traditional sources
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Traditional Glycerin uses
(1)
drugs/pharmaceuticals
18%
pers. care 16%
11%
10%
polyether/polyols 14%
8%
11%
food 11%
6%
others 11%
12%
14%
triacetin 10%
2%
alkyd resins 8%
2%
tobacco 6%
2%
16%
18%
detergents 2%
cellophane 2%
explosives 2%
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Traditional Glycerin uses
(2)
• Traditional outlets can be expected to show only
limited growth (and this at the expense of other
polyhydroxy compounds such as glycols and sorbitol)
• Entirely new, large-scale uses for glycerin need to be
developed........
and fast!
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The Solution: GTBE®
(1)
• The most promising new outlet appears to be a new
additive for diesel (both fossil- and bio-)
• The target compound is a mixture of the di- and tributyl-ethers of glycerin: GTBE®
• It will lead to reduction in emissions of:
• Particulates
• NOx
• Hydrocarbons (unburned)
8
The Solution: GTBE®
(2)
Mono
Glycerin
Acid kat.
Di
Tri
Isobutylene
9
The Solution: GTBE®
(3)
Working point
NOx
2 g/kWh
ROSI,EGR=High
-18%
ROSI,EGR=Low
-39%
A100, EGR = 7%
-14%
A50,EGR= High
-22%
A50,EGR= Low
-29%
Average PM
reduction
-24%
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The Solution: GTBE®
80
(4)
60°C
2,5
100
YDTBG+TTBG[%]
70
2
60
50
75°C
80
90°C
60
TBA
40
1-GTBE
40
G
1
30
WATER
DIB1
20
DIB2
20
1,2,3-GTBE
0,5
45°C
1,3-GTBE
10
0
1,2-GTBE
2-GTBE
70
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
[%]
0
900
800
60
time [min]
100
80
50
(%)
wt. %
1,5
70°C
MTBG
DTBG
40
45°C
60
60°C
TTBG
70°C
30
40
75°C
90°C
20
20
10
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
XG
MTBG
DTBG
TTBG
di-i-Bu
60
Water amount (%)
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The Solution: GTBE®
(5)
Sensitivity analysis GTBE/diesel ratio for isobutene and glycerol as
reactants; excise included
2.00
GTBE/diesel ratio (-)
1.80
1.60
iC4 cost price
1.40
Diesel cost price
1.20
Processing costs
1.00
NOx reduction
factor
Diether selectivity
0.80
0.60
0.40
-100
-50
0
50
100
Variation (%)
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The Solution: GTBE®
(6)
• Expertise and IP combined:
•
•
•
•
Procede Group BV, NL
Chemconserve, NL
Blue Ocean, UK
Rabobank, NL
The GTBE® Company
(Process dev.)
(Market dev.)
(Fuels)
(Green fund)
• Our objective:
Develop and implement a production unit for
500.000 t/a GTBE
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The Solution: GTBE®
(7)
• Present status:
• Its synthesis from glycerin and isobutylene has been
studied up to a first plant set-up and cost price
• Preliminary experimental testing has shown
promising results and confirm data from literature
• Industrial feasibility is studied and concluded to be
positive
• Process development is ongoing
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The Solution: GTBE®
(8)
• Further testing of GTBE
in combustion engine laboratories
is needed
• Pilot plant research and
development of a complete
plant design is needed
• Other aspects to be studied:
• Environmental and safety aspects (REACh)
• Raw materials availability, prices
• Process optimization
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Summary
• The EU-directive means by-production of
1 M ton glycerin per annum
• World glycerin use is stable and is not capable to take
up this additional amount
• Production of GTBE from glycerin and use it as diesel
additive will lower diesel emissions and enable total
absorption of the glycerin glut
• International cooperation and funding is needed for
further process and market development
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