Transcript EO Technical Conference Presentation

Soy-based Transformer Fluids
and
Bio-Fuel Alternatives for Utilities
Opportunities.…. and
Challenges
E & O Technical Conference
Sacramento, CA – April 12, 2006
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Luis del Valle
Global Marketing Director
Cargill Industrial Oils & Lubricants
15409 McGinty Rd. MS 66
Minneapolis, MN 55439
952-742-4402 Phone
952-742-6722 Fax
[email protected]
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Envirotemp® FR3™Transformer Fluid
Soybean oil based
dielectric coolant,
commercialized in 1997
after four years of R&D.
+ Fire Safety
+ Extends Transformer
Life
+ Environmental Profile
– Made by Cargill.
– Marketed by Cooper.
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The “Greenest” Dielectric Fluid Possible?
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Readily Biodegradable
Non-toxic: Zero trout fry mortality
BEES analysis completed by NIST
Renewable Resource Based
(Soybean Oil)
– Meets USDA Bio-Based Products
Qualification
• Does Not Contain Petroleum,
Dimethlysiloxanes, nor Halogens*
* PCB’s, SF6, CFC, PERC, etc.
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Why Use Veg-based Fluids?
•
•
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Renewable base
Can meet National Electrical Code as “less-flammable
liquid”, allowing indoor installation
Substitutes dielectric coolants with negatives
o Naphthenic Mineral Oil: TPH +, fires, supply
issues
o Silicone Oil: non-biodegradable, by-products
o HMWH – TPH +, non-renewable
o Halogenated Compounds – Persistence, toxicity,
GHG, ozone depletion, hazardous thermal byproducts
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Environmental Technology Verification (ETV)
•
Conducted and Published by EPA and CalEPA
(2002)
• Verified:
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Electrical Performance
Aquatic Biodegradability
Flammability
Chemical Composition
Worker Health and Safety
Cost Estimate on the Expected Life Using Envirotemp
FR3 Fluid v. Mineral Oil
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Bio-Fuel Alternatives: Energy Content
btu / lb
 Methane
23,885
 Natural Gas (US average)
21,000
 No. 2 Fuel Oil (diesel)
19,237
 Biodiesel (soy-based)
17,830
 Tallow
18,500
 Lard
16,990
 Soybean oil (crude, degummed)
16,900
 Wood (dry)
8,600
 Glycerin (crude)
6,700
 Hulls (sunflower)
5,400
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Biodiesel Spec: ASTM D 6751
Property
ASTM Method
Limits
Units
D93
130 min.
Degrees C
Water & Sediment
D2709
0.050 max
% vol.
Kinematic Viscosity, 40C
D445
1.9-6.0
mm2/sec.
Sulfated Ash
D874
0.020 max.
% mass
Sulfur
S 15 Grade
S 500 Grade
D5453
15 max.
500 max.
ppm
Copper Strip Corrosion
D130
No. 3 max.
Cetane
D613
45 min.
Cloud Point
D2500
Report
Degrees C.
D4530
(100% sample)
0.050 max.
% mass
Acid Number
D664
0.80 max.
Mg KOH/gm
Free Glycerin
D6584
0.020 max.
% mass
Total Glycerin
D6584
0.240 max.
% mass
Phosphorous Content
D4951
0.001 max.
% mass
Distillation Temp, Atmospheric Equiv Temp,
90% recovered
D1160
360 max.
Degrees C.
Flash Point
Carbon Residue
100% sample
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Emissions Benefits of Biodiesel
 Carbon dioxide decreases.
Percentage Change in
Emissions
Biodiesel (SME) vs Diesel
Emissions in CI Engines
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
 When replacing diesel with
B100, CO2 emissions are
reduced 78%; B20 reduces CO2
by 15.7%.
NOx
PM
CO
HC
 Reduces tailpipe particulate matter,
hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide
emissions in most modern fourstroke CI engines.
 Because B100 contains 11%
oxygen by weight.
0
20
% 0% 0% 0% 0%
4
6
8 10
Percent Biodiesel
Source: “A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust
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Emissions, (EPA420-P-02_001), www.epa.gov/OMS/models/biodsl.htm
Blending Biodiesel
 Biodiesel may be blended with any kind of distillate.
 This includes jet fuel, kerosene, #1 and #2 diesel, or heating oil.
 May be blended via splash blending, in-tank blending, in-line
blending.
 Biodiesel is slightly heavier than diesel fuel.
 Biodiesel specific gravity of 0.88.
 #2 diesel specific gravity of 0.85.
 #1 diesel specific gravity of 0.80.
 Once blended, it will not separate, assuming the fuel is above its cloud
point.
 If biodiesel does begin to crystallize or separate, due to its
temperature dipping below its cloud point, with heat and agitation
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it will go back into solution.
Source: NREL, “2004 Biodiesel Handling and Use Guidelines”
Handling Biodiesel (B100)
 Biodiesel is a solvent.

May loosen and/or dissolve diesel sediment found in existing fuel tanks and fueling systems.
 Cloud point is higher than diesel.


Insulated and heated lines and/or tanks may be required, depending upon climate.
It is recommended that B100 be stored 5-10oF higher than the cloud point.
 B100 is not compatible with certain types of rubber compounds, causing
premature degradation.

Biodiesel resistant materials, such as Viton™, fluorinated polyethylene and propylene, Teflon™
and most fiberglass, are available.
 Biodiesel is not compatible with some metals and plastics.



Will form high sediment levels when in contact for extended periods of time with copper, brass,
bronze or galvanized surfaces.
Will degrade typical plastics (i.e. polyethylene, polypropylene).
Stainless steel, carbon steel, or aluminum, are recommended for storing B100.
 National Biodiesel Board recommends storing B100 for no longer than 6 months.
Source: NREL, “2004 Biodiesel Handling and Use Guidelines”
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Biodiesel Tax Incentives: Federal
 $1.00/gal excise tax credit for blended biofuels effective Jan 2005 thru Dec 2008.
 $0.50/gal credit for non-virgin oils.
 Heating oil blended with biodiesel is also eligible.
 $0.10/gal tax credit for small agri-biodiesel blenders.
 “Small producer” must have less than 60 MGPY biodiesel capacity.
 Tax credit eligible for the first 15 MGPY product.
 Other programs to encourage demand and infrastructure development.
For more info: www.biodiesel.org
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Comparison of Soybean Oil, Natural Gas
and Heating Oil (Respective nearby futures in cts/lb
BTU equivalency)
28
24
20
16
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PostHurricanes
Spike
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4
CBOT SBO
NYMEX NG
3/3/2006
2/3/2006
1/3/2006
12/3/2005
11/3/2005
10/3/2005
9/3/2005
8/3/2005
7/3/2005
6/3/2005
5/3/2005
4/3/2005
3/3/2005
2/3/2005
1/3/2005
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NYMEX HO
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Soybean Oil General Schematic
RECIRCULATION LINE
HEATER
SOYBEAN OIL
TANK
STRAINER
TO BOILER
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Animal Fats General Schematic
RECIRCULATION LINE
HEATER
INSULATED
FAT
TANK
~120°F
STRAINER
TO BOILER
STEAM HEATER
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Emissions from Grease Burning Tests
Btu content of
NOx (lb/MMBtu) CO (lb/MMBtu) PM (lb/MMBtu) VOC (lb/MMBtu) SO2 (lb/MMBtu)
fuel (Btu/lb)
Location
Type of Fuel
National By-Products
(Des Moines)
Yellow Grease
17,469
0.071
0.022
Fats & Proteins
Research Article Penn State results
University of Georgia
(boiler > 100
MMBtu/hr)
Finished Lard
Semi-finished Lard
Choice White
Tallow
Yellow Grease
Choice White
16,990
16,941
16,977
16,920
16,899
16,893
0.113
0.111
0.119
0.121
0.000
0.000
0.118
0.127
0.154
0.012
0.012
0.014
0.002
0.000
0.000
EPA AP-42 Charts Uncontrolled sources,
boilers < 100 MMBtu/hr
#2 Fuel Oil *
19,237
0.143
0.036
0.014
Natural Gas**
1,020
0.098
0.082
0.007
0.041
0.002
0.002
0.051
0.005
0.001
* Weight of sulfur in oil assumed to be 0.05%
** Natural Gas Btu content is Btu/scf
Burning of fats and oils in industrial boilers usually requires new or revised EPA permits given the
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different emissions profiles versus natural gas and/or fuel oil.
Additional Considerations for Burning Fats
and Oils
 Optimal burn requires de-gummed veg-oil or polished
fats.
 Crude fats/oils work, however, nozzles will “gum-up”
quickly.
 Glycerin:
 Salts in crude glycerin a problem
 Additional infrastructure may be required.
 Unloading, storing in-bound fats / oils.
 Heat-trace lines and / or tanks.
 Re-circulating fats / oils.
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 De-gummed Soybean Oil
 Heat to 165-175°F to the burner.
 110-120 psig to the burner.
 When oil is <25°F, recirculate it through heater until tank is at least 50°F.
 Animal Fat
 Same temp and pressure to the burner?
 Heater in fat tank keeps it at 120-140°F.
Thank you for your time today.
Any questions?
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