Transcript GA8-CH13 - JJ Daniell Middle School

Georgia
and the American Experience
Chapter 13:
Peace, Prosperity,
and Peril
Study Presentation
©2005 Clairmont Press
Georgia
and the American Experience
Section 1: The 1980s
Section 2: The 1990s
Section 3: Terrorism at Home
and Abroad
Section 4: Georgia in a New
Century
©2005 Clairmont Press
Section 1: The 1980s
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
– How did Georgia change during the
1980s?
Section 1: The 1980s
• What words do I need to know?
– telecommute
– email
– Reaganomics
– Quality Basic Education
– Per capita income
1980s
• The age of the personal computer
• email: sending messages by computer
• telecommute: work at home while
keeping in touch with the office by
computer
• Schools began to purchase computers
• Other technology: ATMs, FAX machines,
cellular phones, Internet, scanners
• More television channels added with cable
and satellite service
The End of the Cold War
• Ronald Reagan: “Great Communicator”
elected president – served 1981-1989
• Reaganomics: “supply-side” economics,
tax cuts, heavy defense spending, limited
government, limited regulation on business
• Reagan tough with USSR
• By end of 1980s, Cold War ending
• Mikhail Gorbachev: leader of USSR
• 1989: Berlin Wall came down
• 1991: Communist USSR government
collapsed
Georgia During the 1980s
• Governors
– George Busbee: 1975-1983 – foreign investment
increased; expanded Department of Industry and
Trade; expanded ports and highway system
– Joe Frank Harris: 1983-1991 – brought over 850,000
jobs; Georgia Dome; World Congress Center
expansion
• Educational Improvements
– Full-day kindergarten; increased teachers’ salaries;
testing of teachers; QBE (Quality Basic Education)
standard curriculum
• Georgia Gets a New Constitution
– Adopted 1982 after 5 years work to shorten it
The Two-Georgia Debate
Continues
• Population of Georgia grew in 1980s
• People moved to Georgia for mild climate, low
taxes, low fuel costs, land, and non-union
workers
• Georgia now one of the fastest growing states
• Two Georgias:
– Atlanta: fast growing and prosperous, generating
most taxes, expanding business
– Rural: declining population, more poverty, higher
unemployment, young people moved to urban areas
Click to return to Table of Contents.
Section 2:
The 1990s
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
–How did Georgia change
economically and politically in the
1990s?
Section 2:
The 1990s
• What words do I need to know?
– downsizing
– bankruptcy
– HOPE scholarship program
– infrastructure
The 1990s
• recession: economic slowdown; decreased
demand for products and services,
increased unemployment, decreased wages
• downsizing: companies’ reaction to
recession – firing workers to cut costs
• When workers don’t have jobs, they don’t
spend money, causing greater recession
• Many Georgians filed for bankruptcy
protection because they had borrowed more
money on credit than they could pay back
The Persian Gulf War
• August 1990: Iraq (led by Saddam Hussein)
invaded Kuwait
• President George Herbert Walker Bush joined
Operation Desert Shield and later Desert Storm to
free Kuwait from Saddam Hussein
• January 16, 1991: US and allies began bombing
Iraq
• March 3, 1991: Iraq accepts terms of cease fire
and begins to leave Kuwait
• Ecological disaster left behind: oil fires, 10 million
gallons of oil dumped in Persian Gulf
Political Changes in a
Conservative South
• Conservative voters elected conservative
Democrats and Republicans
• In 1980, Mack Mattingly was first Republican US
Senator since Reconstruction – by 1992, most
were Republicans
• Cynthia McKinney: Democrat, first black woman
elected from Georgia to Congress
• John Lewis: Democrat, civil rights leader, senior
member of Georgia’s congressional delegation
Political Changes in a
Conservative South
• Newt Gingrich: Republican, became Speaker of the
US House in 1994, “Contract with America”
promised to reduce size of government, resigned in
1998 after poor election results for Republicans
• Sam Nunn: Democrat, served as US Senator 19721996, expert on military affairs
• Zell Miller: Democrat, Lt. Governor then Governor
(1990-1999), known for educational improvements,
“boot-camp” style prisons, state lottery for education
– pre-Kindergarten, HOPE scholarships, promoted
growth in North Georgia, became US Senator from
Georgia
Georgia Hosts the Olympics
• Summer 1996: Atlanta hosted XXVI Olympiad
• 10,000 athletes from 197 countries
• 90,000 volunteers in Atlanta and other Georgia
cities and locations
• Brought international attention to the city and state
• July 29, 1996: Bomb in Olympic Park killed one
visitor and injured 117
• Traffic problems brought much criticism
• Too many street vendors and commercialism were
other concerns
• “Southern hospitality” and athletic competition
were noteworthy
Click to return to Table of Contents.
Section 3:
Terrorism at Home and
Abroad
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
– How did the acts of terrorists change
Georgia?
Section 3:
Terrorism at Home and
Abroad
• What words do I need to know?
– terrorism
– al-Qaeda
Terrorism at Home and
Abroad
• terrorism: acts of violence aimed at demoralizing or
intimidating others
• 1993: bomb at World Trade Center garage in New
York City
• 1995: Oklahoma City Murrah Federal Building – car
bomb kills 168 people
• 1998: US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania bombed
killing hundreds, injuring thousands – attacks linked to
al-Qaeda
• al-Qaeda: Islamic terrorist group led by Osama bin
Laden – wealthy Saudi Arabian terrorist
• 2000: USS Cole attacked
• 2001: George W. Bush becomes president
“The Day That Changed
America”
• September 11, 2001: Islamic terrorists
hijack US passenger planes and crash
them into the World Trade Center and
Pentagon
• One additional plane (United flight 93) was
re-taken by passengers but crashed in
Pennsylvania
• WTC towers collapse killing 2,774
Operation Enduring Freedom
• al-Qaeda linked to the September 11
attacks – based in Afghanistan
• October 2001: Operation Enduring
Freedom – US and other nations’ troops
invade Afghanistan to destroy al-Qaeda
camps and destroy Taliban government
• Osama bin Laden escaped
• Department of Homeland Security created
to work to protect Americans at home
Operation Iraqi Freedom
• Saddam Hussein in Iraq continued to
violate UN resolutions regarding weapons
of mass destruction and inspections
• March 19, 2003: US and coalition forces
attack Iraq – combat phase over by May
• US troops continued to work in Iraq for over
two years
• Saddam Hussein captured
• Weapons of mass destruction were not
found
A Touch of Home
• Officers in Iraq told not to raise the US flag
since the Iraqis were not defeated – only
their dictator defeated
• April 2003 – Georgia troops in Iraq make
the news raising flag of the University of
Georgia Bulldogs!
Click to return to Table of Contents.
Section 4: Georgia in a
New Century
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
– What important issues face
Georgians in the 21st century?
Section 4: Georgia in a
New Century
• What words do I need to know?
– Georgia Regional Transportation Authority
Roy E. Barnes
• 1999: Roy Barnes, Democrat, becomes
governor
• Served 24 years in legislature
• Costliest campaign for governor in GA
history
• Worked to change the state flag, reform
education, and build transportation projects
such as the Northern Arc
The State Flag Issue
• 1956: Georgia flag changed to incorporate the St.
Andrew’s cross, a Confederate battle emblem
• Some African Americans were offended as were
some modern leaders – concerned the flag
focused on slavery and the past
• Governor Barnes led effort to have flag changed
• New flag approved in 2001 but was unpopular
• The flag controversy was one factor in Barnes
losing his re-election bid for governor
• 2003: Governor Sonny Purdue signed bill
creating new Georgia flag
Highway Issues
• Pollution and traffic congestion in Atlanta
were problems
• Georgia Regional Transportation Authority
(GRTA) created by Gov. Barnes to address
traffic problems
• Auto pollution (emissions) were reduced
• Plans for 59-mile Northern Arc north of
Atlanta were put on hold by Gov. Barnes and
abandoned by Gov. Purdue
Education Reform
• Barnes began reduction of class sizes in
lower grades, a building and renovation
program for schools, and addition of school
nurses
• Student achievement did not improve greatly
• Barnes was not re-elected and many of his
reforms did not continue
Georgia Elects Republican
Governor
• Sonny Purdue, Republican, elected in 2002
• First Republican governor in Georgia in 130
years
• Georgia legislature had Democratic majority
until 2004
• Georgians elected Republicans to the US
Senate and most of US House of
Representatives
• Voters gave Georgia a two-party system
Challenges for the Future
•
Three main challenges:
1.
2.
3.
•
•
•
water resources
differences between urban and rural Georgia
tremendous population growth
Alabama, Florida and US government have
demanded Georgia reduce water use and
pollution
Difficult to fund services such as schools in rural
areas
8 million people live in Georgia – large increase
puts demands on environment
Click to return to Table of Contents.
Click to return to Table of Contents.