Transcript LHD長パルス・定常実験の現状と計画
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History of Japan-China & International Collaborations in the PSI Research Field
Nobuaki Noda
（野田信明）
National Institute for Fusion Science History of PSI Research N. Noda 1/58
I started the work in the fusion research field as a member of the diagnostic group of the JIPP T-II tokamak
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 2/58
Shot Summary
(Ti/CX neutral) in 1977
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 3/58
ECR discharge cleaning in JIPP T-II (～1980)
• Stainless steel wall 350 ℃ • Mo limiter • Surfaces covered with oxide H, H + → wall surface → deoxidation → plasma contamination Gipps’ Free Energy (kcal/mol) B 2 O/B 2 O 3 304/298 BeO 144 TiO/TiO 2 Li 2 O/Li 2 O 3 125/360 140/450 CrO 2 139 FeO 65 NiO 57
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 4/58
Effect of Discharge Cleaning before and after DC in JIPP T-II a: 350
℃
baking b: ECRDC 5hrs （ room temp
.
） c: ECRDC+TDC+ 350
℃
baking 75hrs
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 5/58
Tayler Discharge Cleaning (TDC)
120 Hz plasma discharges With primary winding
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 6/58
Mechanism & Quantitative Discussion
H 2 O生成，壁付着，排気 の競争過程
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 7/58
Effect of Titanium Gettering 1980
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 8/58
Wall conditioning in CHS
1988 - 90 JNM (1990)
Conditioning on a virgin device
H reduction with He-GDC
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 9/58
炭素壁 Carbonization
－TEXTOR Collaboration in 1985－
with methane glow discharge
In-situ measurement
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 10/58
Japan/J
ü
lich Collab. on Carbonization
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presented in 7th PSI Conf. at Princeton in 1986 History of PSI Research N. Noda 11/58
JJAP 1986
JIPP/ICR plasmas w/wo Carboniz.
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 12/58
Heliotron E 装置
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 13/58
2008
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-
Currentless discharge
- 86.4
～
88.3
Kyoto University
History of PSI Research N. Noda 14/58
カーボニゼーションの
Heliotron E
適用
presented in 8th PSI Conf. at Jülich, 1988 2008
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 15/58
Carbonization in Heliotron E
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presented in 8th PSI Conf. at Jülich, 1988 History of PSI Research N. Noda 16/58
1986 IAEA Conf.
Kyoto
Sustained with RF only
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History of PSI Research
Heliotron-E
ＩＣＲ実験
N. Noda 17/58
炭素材の壁への利用 March 1987 Graphite divertor NBI beam dump with CC composite Heliotron E
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日 1990 CHS
History of PSI Research N. Noda 18/58
R & D for LHD wall
Basic Experiments on boronization 1991-1998 SU rface mod. T est-stand
K. Tsuzuki, A. Sagara et al. JNM 256 2008
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 20/58
ACT
A ctive C ooling T eststand
High heat flux test 1991
～
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 21/58
Mystery ? Surprise ?
1991 Albuquerque Visit to Sandia National Laboratory
Number plate of the Car (Rental)
LHD !!
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Development of the helical divertor
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 23/58
Before experiment July 1999
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 24/58
Iron impurity decreased after carbon divertor installation, but gradually recovered
iron lines time wavelength Impurity line intensities w/o (top) and with (bottom) carbon divertor
after Kuninori Sato 2008
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Change in Fe XVI during the ’99 Exp.
after Shigeru Morita History of PSI Research N. Noda 25/58
July 1999 March 2000
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Inside view of the Vacuum vessel
First Wall Panels (SS) V/V cooling channels Trace of Divertor Leg Tangential Port Mo Protector Divertor cooling pipe
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Carbon Divertor Tiles
History of PSI Research N. Noda 27/58
Analyzed tile at tangential port
Tangential Port
Incident flux close to perpendicular (28 )
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Divertor Footprint (analyzed tile)
History of PSI Research N. Noda 28/58
Footprint on legs on divertor plates
15 th PSI at Gifu Invited talk with prof. Sagara May 2002
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 29/58
Development of Long-pulse discharges with NBI 1998 w/o carbon divertor, 1.5 T 1999 full carbon divertor, 2.75 T
0.5 - 1 MW Outgas B.L.
breathing FW generator
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LHD実験風景
「 1st Shot への道」
NIFS
製作ビデオより
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Heliotron-E
ＩＣＲ実験
IAEA
国際会議 （
1986
京都）
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 32/58
Density/impurity control in long discharge
Parameters of #26191 & 26195 in LHD 2008
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History of PSI Research VUV data by S. Morita N. Noda 33/58
PSI Conf. & TEXTOR
Collab.
PSI
国際会議
Member of the Program Committee 1987 – 2003
（１７
years
）
TEXTOR Executive Committee 1990 – 2007
（１８
years
）
High Z (Tungsten etc.) studies In- vessel measurement of tritium
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 34/58
- Tungsten as PFM ? -
We approach 10 keV Erosion resistant materials are important toward long-pulse steady state operations We should reconsider High Z
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Campaign 89 ~ 98
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ＰＬＴ W limiter 実験
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1978
年頃
Hollow T e (r) →
炭素
limiter
History of PSI Research “ PLT syndrome ?” NG tungsten !!
N. Noda 36/58
We proposed W limiter Exp. in TEXTOR • Serious discussion continues in EC (1990 -1992) •
Invited talk by Tanabe In 10 th PSI Conf. at Monterey
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Invited paper in 10th PSI conf., March 1992, Monterey
History of PSI Research N. Noda 38/58
日本の主張 • • •
Achieving 10 kev Steady-state is the next target Reconsideration of the wall materials is needed W is attractive because of its possible low erosion rate
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no data on tungsten !!
History of PSI Research N. Noda 39/58
重金属（タングステン W，モリブデン Mo） TEXTOR での実験を提案 • 国内研究者の議論 1989 に開始 核融合研発足の年 (目的, 課題, 計画) • 国際執行委員会での厳しい討論 (1990 -1992) •
Finaly approved just before a long brake
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ＴＥＸＴＯＲにおける高Ｚリミター実験 1992 年１１月実験開始（ IEA TEXTOR 協定）
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ＴＥＸＴＯＲ真空容器内部写真
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Impact of high Z limiter
Results in TEXTOR Conditions of deterioration are existing Conditions of no deterioration are existing
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Impact of high Z limiter
Results in TEXTOR • •
Reproduceable of the PLT catastrophy But possible without catastrophy
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Impact of Ne injection 中心付近のモリブデンの放射 強度増加の原因 発生源ではなく， プラズマ中の輸送 1
n i
n i r
1
Z n z
n z r
Mo influx - - Mo XXXI
の増加
no change ↓
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Ueda et al./ PSI11th PSI History of PSI Research 1994.5
N. Noda 45/58
Oral Paper in 11th PSI conf.
May 1994, Mito
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 46/58
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Impact of high Z limiter
ASDEX-Upgrade Laser blow-off exp.
• •
Degradation happens occasionally Large operation area without deterioration
History of PSI Research N. Noda 47/58
What important are
• TEXTOR実験（’92.11), Ueda/11thPSI (
’
94.5), ITER changed its design policy, adoption of high Z (
’
94.11) • PSI 国際会議，TEXTOR共同研究 Japanese Univ. group released people from Taboo (禁忌) Tungsten is not good for plasmas.
Even 1g tungsten should not be put in.
• We didn
’
t say
“
tungsten is ideal • We have data and experiences for carbon but not for tungsten • Outside ITER umbrella (free from ITER constraint), We could give a big impact upon the ITER project before that the ITER choice had been
“
all Be Wall
”
) • Chinese group joined to the PSI through this campaign
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Number of papers on W JNM & NF (x2) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1960 JNM NF 1970
Papers on TEXTOR in 1994 Y. Ueda et al., 11th PSI (Mito) V. Philipps et al., NF 34 (1994) in 1992, Review talk by T. Tanabe et al., 10th PSI (Monterey) First Exp. On Mo in TEXTOR
1980 1990 2000 2010
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JNM (1997)
高Z壁研究 started in China 第12回 PSI 国際会議
1996
年
st. Raphael China came back to the PSI conf.
李建剛先生
Oral paper in 12 th PSI 2006
年 合肥で第
17
回
PSI
国際会議
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High Z (Tungsten) Campaign in PSI Conf.
Tanabe, 10th Ueda, 11th Noda, 12th Yoshida, 13th
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真空容器内部のＴｒｉｔｉｕｍを測ろう！
１９９８ ～
2 ideas in Japanese University
• •
Imaging Plate (IP) (Tanabe) Beta-Induces X-ray Spectroscopy (BIXS) (Matsuyama) Established with tiles after TEXTOR DD
その後
afterwards
Tiles of JET DT
実験
Tiles of JT-60U DD
実験
JET
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Imaging Plate
法による
tritium
分布測定 （
TEXTOR
／
DD
実験後，
1999
年，
with Tanabe
） 再堆積領域 再堆積層の表面を除去 左は黒鉛タイルの写真，中央はイメージングプレートによるトリチウム 分布測定結果。損耗部はほぼ均一な分布，炭素再堆積領域表面のト リチウムは少ない，右は再堆積層の 表面を削り取って調べた分布。 再堆積層内部のトリチウム存在を示す。
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Method of BIXS
B eta-ray I nduced X -ray S pectroscopy
after M. Matsuyama
T at top surface detected by characteristic X-ray of Ar at sub-surfece mixture of char. & brems.
T in depth detected by bremsstrahrung X-ray by C
History of PSI Research N. Noda 54/58
Spectrum for a DTE1 tile
After M. Matsuyama
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History of PSI Research N. Noda 55/58
Karlsruhe
におけるトリチウム計測実験
2003
年
3
月 出 演 松山政夫 先生 鳥養祐二 先生 （富山大学） （富山大学）
Manfred Glugla
先生
Walter N ägele
先生 （
Tritium Lab. Karlsruhe) (Inst. Material Studies Karlsruhe)
撮 影 野田信明
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Karlsruhe
におけるトリチウム計測実験
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Summary
• • •
PSI studies are in progress helping high performance core in 1980s mainly with low Z wall For steady state re-consideration has been needed Japanese university group promoted the study on high Z materials since 1990 A lot of data have been accumulated, but not yet conclusive
•
Tritium measurement and studies are critical and interesting
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Summary (cont.) • Japan-China PSI collab. started in 1994 • 1st work was high Z exp. on HT-6M • Soon developed into wider area, such as doped graphite, boronization etc.
Japan & China have established a good partnership !
謝々 李建剛先生
& ASIPP Wishing further progress and success !
Thank you for your
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attention !
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