Transcript NICTの宇宙環境観測ネットワーク - Thayer School of Engineering at

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Toward Prediction of Relativistic Electron
Environment in Geospace
Tsutomu Nagatsuma, K. Sakaguchi, S. Saito, M.
Kunitake, and K. T. Murata
National Institute of Information and Communications
Technology
Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute
Space Weather and Environment Informatics Laboratory
SuperDARN 2011 Workshop 2011/05/30-06/04
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Space Weather and Environment Informatics Laboratory
ISES RWC Tokyo
Real-time space weather simulator
Every afternoon, we make a
daily forecast by the
meeting.
Broadcasting of SWx information
on the Web, e-mail, etc.
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Space Weather and Environment Informatics Laboratory
The 3rd 5-Year Plan (2011-2015)
Space Weather Research based on merging among observation,
simulation and informatics
Prediction of space
environment around GEO
Prediction of ionospheric
disturbances
Development of relativistic electron
environment prediction model and
high-precision Global MHD
simulation
⇒ Prediction of space environment
(keV～MeV particles) around GEO
Development of near-real time
prediction system for generation and
propagation of equatorial plasma
bubble and high-precision ionospheric
simulation including atomospheric and
magnetospheric interactions
⇒1 hour ahead of Ionospheric
disturbance forecast
Is it necessary for predicting space environment around GEO?
•More than
300 satellites
exist in GEO
Numbers of satellite anomalies in GEO
during 1987 ~ 1994 （from NOAA
database）
•24 Japanese
satellites in
GEO
GEO is important for
communications, broadcasting, and
meteorological monitoring
Satellite anomalies during
Halloween event
2003/10/28-30（その１）
・国際宇宙ステーションで放射線を防ぐため
サービスモジュールに宇宙飛行士避難
・NOAA 17 機器障害
・ACE and Wind プラズマ観測不能
・GOES 静止軌道の電子観測が飽和
・Chandra 放射線のため自律的に観測停止
（11/01に復旧）
・Kodama セーフモード（10/29）
・DMSP F14 SSM/T2センサーに障害、従系に切
り換え（11/04に主系に切り換え）
・RHESSI CPUの自然リセット（10/28 and 10/29）
・CHIPS 衛星 18時間通信不能
・SOHO CDSをコマンドによりセーフモードにし
た。（10/28-30）
・Odyssey セーフモード 10/29 データダウン
ロード中にメモリエラー発生、10/31にコールドリ
ブート MARIE 温度以上で電源オフ、故障
（10/28）
400~500
More than 60 satellite
anomaly events happened
in each year
Proton Flux
2003/10/27
・GOES 8 障害
2003/10/28-30（その２）
・Mars Explorer Rover star trackerの異常により
Sunアイドルモード
・SIRTF 高プロトンフラックスのため、科学観測
機器をオフして地球指向に（10/28）
・X-ray Timing Explorer 二つの観測装置が自動
的に停止
・Microwave Anisotropy Probe star truckerリ
セット
・GALEX 二つの紫外線観測器が停止
・Polar despunプラットフォームのロックを３度
失う
2003/11/02
・Chandra 放射線によ
り自律的に停止
2003/10/28-30（その３）
・Cluster プロセッサのリセット
・FedSat シングルイベントアップセット（SEU）
・Inmarsat 9機のうち2機でモーメンタムホイー
ルの速度上昇
・NASAの地球科学ミッションオフィスがAQUA,
Landsat, TERRA, TOMS, TRMMの五つの衛星
で観測装置を停止させセーフモードに（10/29）
・ICESat GPSがリセット
・UARS 機器（HALOE）のオンを延期
2003/11/06
・Polar 機器（TIDE）がリセットし高圧電
源disable
・Odyssey コマンドでセーフモードにし
ていたが運用再開
Large number of satellite
anomalies are occurred in
extreme solar flare event
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Classifications of Satellite Anomaly
More than half
satelliteanomalies are
caused by electrostatic
discharge
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Two major charging phenomena related to satellite anomaly
Deep dielectric
charging
Accelerations of
relativistic electrons
Constructing
prediction model of
relativistic electron
flux
①Deep dielectric charging ②Surface charging
GEO Satellite
Surface
Charging
Injection related to
substorms
Constructing
prediction model of
substorm injection
based on Global MHD
simulation
Requirement for NICT’s space weather information by satellite operating companies
•Observation data and simulation results during previous satellite anomalies period are important
for investigation
•Surface charging problem is improved for new-generation satellite. However, prediction of surface
charging is still important for old-generation satellite.
•Prediction of deep dielectric charging is important for next declining phase of 24th solar cycle.
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Example of satellite anomaly at GEO
- cases from B-SAT –
(http://www5e.biglobe.ne.jp/~kazu_f/digital-sat/satellite.html ）

•
•
•
•

•
•

•
BSAT-2a（Orbital Sciences：Star Bus）
2001/09/25 anomaly of attitude control SEU due to Proton Event?
2001/11/07 anomaly of attitude control SEU due to Proton Event?
2004/02/14 anomaly of transponder(Bs-15ch) Deep dielectric charging due to
REE?
2005/08/19 anomaly of command receiver Deep dielectric charging due to REE?
BSAT-2c（Orbital Sciences：Star Bus）
2008/09/11 anomaly of transponder(BS-3ch) Deep dielectric charging due to
REE?
2008/09/14 anomaly of transponder(BS-13ch Deep dielectric charging due to
REE?
BAST-3a（Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Systems：A2100A Bus）
2010/08/24 BSAT-3a temporal attitude anomaly unknown
Feb. 14, 2004 (BSAT-2a anomaly of BS-15ch transponder)
relativistic electron enhancement
Solar X-ray flux
IMF Intensity
IMF Bz
Vsw
Density
High energy proton flux
Relativistic electron flux at GEO
Kakioka K index
Relationship between satellite
anomalies and relativistic electron
flux
Radiation belt
dynamics
Thick line: anomaly period ±5 days
Dash line: average level
Halloween event
Rising
phase
Solar
maximum
Important period
For prediction
Declining
phase
Now
Solar activities
（Black）
静止軌道
Relativistic
electron
flux
Declining
Rising
Solar
Maximum
Cycle 23
Cycle 24
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
ULF-ELF waves plays an important role for
supply and loss of relativistic electrons
- Application of ground-based observation data -
Pc1 -> loss of relativistic electrons
Pc5-6 -> supply of relativistic electrons
(pitch angle scattering)
(radial diffusion, adiabatic acceleration)
Balance between supply and loss controls variations of relativistic electrons
-> possibility of prediction of relativistic electrons using ULF waves
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
NICT’s Space Weather Monitoring Networks
(NICT-SWM)
Magnetometer
Magnetometer & HF radar
observations in Far East Siberia
South-East Asia low
latitude IOnospheric
Network (SEALION)
HF radar
Domestic Ionosonde
Network & Hiraiso
Solar Observatory
Ionosonde
Ionospheric
observation at
Syowa Base
Hiraiso Solar Observatory
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Monitoring magnetic field
variations at Russian
auroral sector based on
the collaboration among
Russia (AARI, IDG), Japan
(NICT, Kyoto-U), and USA
(JHU/APL)
（77.72,104.28)
（70.09,170.93)
（73.50,80.60)
（69.80、88.13)
（71.58、129.00)
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
INTERMAGNET
• International consortium for geomagnetic
observatory (now 104 observatories are
participated) We play a role of real-time data
exchange in Asian sector with WDC Kyoto.
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
NICT_MAG
• Monitoring magnetic field variation mainly
around Japanese meridian sector which Rapid
MAG and INTERMAGNET does not cover
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
SuperDARN（King Salmon）
King Salmon
• Radar observation network for monitoring polar ionospheric
convection. We operate HF radar at King Salmon, Alaska for
montoring auroral and subauroral plasma flow.
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
However, azimuthal Pc5 plasma oscillations observed by KSR is not
clearly correlated with geomagnetic pulsations on the ground and in
geostationary orbit
2011/06/01(Thu.) 10:30-10:50 Comparison of ionospheric azimuthal Pc5 plasma
oscillations with geomagnetic pulsations on the ground and in geostationary orbit,
by Sakaguchi et al.
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
Research Plan of practical radiation belt model
Current: radiation belt
simulation only for 2MeV
electrons
Precipitation
Atmospheric loss
（installed)
Will be installed
Whistler
EMIC…
ULF
Future：constructing
prototype of relativistic
electron flux prediction
GEO
Global MHD
Empirical model
based on NICT’s
observation
network data
Introducing nonstationary background
magnetic field from
Global MHD simulation
Will be installed
Thank You!