Transcript Chapter 4: People and Places

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Read pages 7-11 regarding region.
Define these terms in your notes:
Region
 Global scale
 World region
 Sub-regions
 Local scale
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population, development, urban,
political, economy, culture, gender,
food/water
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How does population affect an area?
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To study population is to study the growth
and decline of numbers of people on earth,
their distribution across the earth’s
surface, age and sex distributions,
migration patterns and what makes people
move.
Read Population section and fill out w/s.
How large is the population today?
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Video clip?
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http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/the-magazine/the-magazine-latest/ngm-7billion/
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Grab an old honors textbook in the back of
the room. It is on the table.
Read the pages below and answer the
questions.
Read page 43-46 The Demographic
Transition: Will the LDCs Complete it?
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What are the differences between the
cornucopian and neo-Malthusians?
Which theory do you believe? Why?
How can you relate the 7 billion people video?
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Stage 1-pre-industrial
Stage 2- transitional
Stage 3- industrial
Stage 4- post-industrial
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Subsistence economy vs. cash economy
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Page 20 in textbook.
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Read page 24-27 regarding Development.
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HDI
Read pages 35-39, Causes of Disparities.
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What does HDI stand for and what information
does it present?
What are the Millennium Development Goals?
What are they trying to do?
What is dependency theory? How would the
dependency theory explain the disparities
between MDCs and LDCs?
Development w/s
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Urbanization: the dramatic rise in the
number of cities and the changes in
lifestyle that result.
Now about half of the world’s population
lives in cities; there are more than 400
cities of more than 1 million and 25 cities of
more than 10 million.
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What does a city look like, what are the layers?
Think about Kansas City.
Why do people move to Urban areas?
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Push/pull phenomenon (factors) of urbanization p.31
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Gender- indicates how a particular social
group defines the differences between the
sexes.
Sex- is the biological category of male or
female but does not indicate how males or
females may behave or identify themselves.
Gender roles- the socially assigned roles for
males and females- in different cultural
groups.
Glance @ “Gender Issues”
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Read the Food p.27 and Water p. 41 section in your
textbook and answer the questions below on a sheet of
paper.
How have changes in agricultural production over the past
150 years impacted the supply and security of food, and
how have they altered the environment? Are the green
revolution and genetic modification the solutions to foodsupply and environmental problems?
What do you think is the biggest problem with water:
usage, access, or quality? Explain your answer.
Green Revolution Example: India
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State: an independent unit that occupies a specific
territory and has full control of its internal and external
affairs. (Country means state as well)
Nation: refers to a group of people with a common
culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of
unity.
Nation-state: When a nation and a state occupy the
same territory
Stateless- nation: some nations do not have a
territory, i.e. Kurds and Palestinians. (where are these
nations located?)
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Democracy: citizens hold political power, either
directly or through elected representatives.
Monarchy: a ruling family headed by a king or queen
hold political power and may or may not share the
power with citizens bodies.
Dictatorship: an individual or group holds complete
political power.
Communism: in this government and economic
system, nearly all political power and means of
production are held by the government in the name of
all the people
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Three geographic characteristics are
very important in describing a country.
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Size
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Shape
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Relative Location- is very important…what
countries are you next to, do you have good
relations with those countries, resources
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Landlocked country: one surrounded by other
land and with no direct outlet to the sea.
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Boundaries or borders set the limits of the
territory controlled by a state, within its
borders; the state can do such things as collect
taxes, set up a legal code, and declare an
official language. A state may claim all of the
resources found within its boundaries
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Natural boundaries- based on physical features.
What are problems with natural boundaries?
Artificial boundaries- a fixed line generally
following latitude and longitude lines.
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What regional political systems are seen
in the United States or in our own state?
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http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17722026
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Democratization- the transition toward
political systems guided by competitive
elections.
Where and why is democracy growing
and spreading? What factors are
helping, and what factors are hindering
democratizations?
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Economy: consists of the production and exchange of
goods and services among a group of people.
4 Basic Economic Systems:
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Traditional economy: goods and services are traded
without exchanging money. “barter”
Command economy: production of goods and services is
determined by a central government.
Market economy: production of goods and services is
determined by the demand from consumers.
“capitalism”
Mixed economy: a combination of command and market
economies provides goods and services so that all people
will benefit.
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An important part of economic
geography is understanding which
resources a nation processes. Natural
resources are materials on or in the
earth, such as trees or coal, that have
economic value.
Renewable…can be replaced
 Non-renewable…cannot be replaced
 Inexhaustible energy sources…unlimited
amount, for example sunlight
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Infrastructure- consists of the basic
support systems needed to keep an
economy going, including power,
communications, transportation, water,
sanitation, and education system.
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The more you have the more developed your
country is.
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Per capita income- the average amount of
money earned by each person in a political unit.
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Geographers also look at the standard of living,
who can afford health insurance and level of
education.
GNP- gross national product is the total value of
all goods and services produced by a country
over a year or some other specified period of
time.
GDP- gross domestic product is the total value
of all good and services produced within a
country in a given period of time.
Global Economy- includes the parts of
any country’s economy that are involved
in global flows of resources-mined
minerals, agricultural commodities'.
manufactured products, money, and
people and their ideas.
 When did globalization begin?
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Multinational Corporations- many times
extract resources from other places,
make products in factories located where
they can take advantage of cheap labor
and transportation facilities, and market
their products wherever they can make
the most profit.
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Example…..
Read “Workers in the Global Economy:
Personal Vignette”. You will read
different stories related to the affects of
globalization.
 After reading the personal vignette
discuss at your table the pros and cons
of globalization.
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Supports free trade
 Stated mission is to lower trade barriers
and establish ground rules for
international trade.
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Terms
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Climate Change: a slow shifting of climate patterns
due to general cooling or warming of the
atmosphere.
Global Warming- which refers to the observed
warming of the earth’s surface and climate in
recent decades.
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Kyoto Protocol
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Impacted by Greenhouse gases.
What are the goals of the Kyoto Protocol?
HW: blog assignment
Climate sheet
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Physical Geographers are concerned with
the processes that shape the earth’s
landforms and its climate.
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Landforms
Plate tectonics
Climate
Human Geographers are interested in the
spatial patterns created by the economic,
social and cultural practices of people.
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Culture
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Values, beliefs, languages, technology
Critical revolutions impacting physical
and human geography.
- Neolithic Revolution
- Industrial Revolution
Native Americans reading and question
packet.
 Topoymns assignment
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How does the name of a city/ town highlight
their history, physical surroundings, and
culture?
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Culture: is the total of knowledge, attitudes,
and behaviors shared by and passed on by the
members of a specific group.
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It includes products of human work and thought.
Culture involves the following factors:
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Food and shelter
Religion
Relationships to family and others
Language
Education
Security/ protection
Political and social organizations
Creative expression
Society: A group that shares a
geographic region, a sense of
identity, and culture.
 Ethnic group: to refer to a group
that shares a language, customs,
and a common heritage. An ethnic
group has an identity as a separate
group of people within the region
where they live.
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Innovation- taking existing technology and resources and
creating something new to meet a need
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Diffusion- spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of
behavior.
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Cultural hearth- is a site of innovation from which basic
ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to many cultures.
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Exposure to an innovation does not guarantee that a
society will accept that innovation. Individuals and
societies must decide whether the innovation is useful
and consistent with its basic principles.
Acculturation- occurs when a society changes b/c it
accepts or adopts an innovation.
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Language is one of the most important aspects of
culture because it allows the people within a culture
to communicate with each other.
Geographers estimate that between 2,500 and 3,500
languages are spoken across the world today.
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These languages are put into language families. (IndoEuropean)
Versions of a language are called dialects.
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A dialect reflects changes in speech patterns related to class,
region, or other cultural changes.
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Give examples of dialects in the United States
What is Language Diffusion?
How can Language be diffused?
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Religion: consists of a belief in a supernatural
power or powers that are regarded as the
creators and maintainers of the universe.
Religions establish beliefs and values that
define how people worship the divine being or
divine forces and how they behave towards each
other.
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Monotheistic
Polytheistic
Animistic/Traditional
What are the Five Major Religions in the World?
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What is your Culture?
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Remember culture is everything about
you…language, food, religion, activities you
like to do, traditions, fashion, political
views, etc. This is not a heritage/ history
paper on your family. This is about you?
You might bring up family and heritage
only if they impact/shape who you are
today.
Due September 16th (Monday)