Bell Ringer 10/10/2011

• Copy this into your notes: • Navigation- the science of piloting ships.

• • Age of Exploration during the 1400s and 1500s.

Period in which sea captains and explorers from different European countries sailed the oceans and mapped the world more accurately then ever before.

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What do you think this political cartoon is trying to say?

EXPLORING AMERICA COLUMBUS DAY? TRUE LEGACY: CRUELTY AND LEGACY

First Explorers

• There were several problems with Columbus’s claim to fame.

1.

Leif Ericson founded a Norse village on Newfoundland some 500 years before Columbus even headed this way.

• • • Leif Erickson told of plump salmon, vines of grapes and lush grasses of his voyage to North America. Created a settlement called Vinland 100 men and women, livestock, earthen-walled houses.

They fought constantly with Native Americans and left after 5 years.

• In the 1960s they found the traces of the settlement in Canada that completely changed history forever.

2.

How can you even discover a place that had millions of people already living here for over 14,000 years?!

3.

DNA even suggests that Polynesian adventurers sailed in canoes across the Pacific even long before the Vikings.

Portugal

• Prince Henry- from Portugal wanted to make Portugal a leading sea power.

Prince Henry

• Goal 1: find an ocean route around Africa to Asia • Goal 2: Locate the sources of gold that came from lands far to the south in Africa.

• Age of Exploration: during the 1400s and 1500s.

• Period in which sea captains and explorers from different European countries sailed the oceans and mapped the world more accurately then ever before.

Three African Empires:

• • • 1) Ghana 700 to 1050 in West Africa Capital: Kumbi traded gold, salt, cloth, and ivory 2) Mali replace the Ghana empire around 1200; Capital: Timbuktu- center of Islamic culture built large building and universities (students across Africa came to study at the universities) 3) Songhai 1500 replaced the Mali Empire strong influence from Muslim merchants rich from gold and ivory largest empire: across a large portion of West Africa Names to lands: Ivory Coast, Gold Coast, and the Slave Coast Slave Coast – trade in human beings;

Causes • European Trade with the Middle East increases • Europeans are curious about the world • Rulers of European nations seek ways to increase their wealth • European nations look for a new route to Asia • Columbus reaches the Americas.

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•Exploration of the Americas

Effects • Spain builds an empire in the Americas • English, French, an d Dutch set up colonies in North America • Millions of Native Americans die from “European” diseases • Slave traders bring enslaved Africans to the Americas • New foods are introduced into people’s diets around the world.

Please give me money?

• Columbus was dead set on proving his theory that he could get to the Indies by traveling West from Europe.

• At first he asked Portugal to fund him they rejected him so he went to Spain.

• After 7 years of appealing for their support Queen Isabella consented to give him the backing for his voyage.

• Set out on August 3, 1492 with 3 small ships: Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria. • Crew became restless as the voyage was not going as planned and Columbus was not a good leader demanded he turn around and go home. 2 days later he lands. After 70 days and 2400 miles they had found land.

• On October 12, 1492 he landed on what is now the Bahamas.

ORIGIN STORIES: Columbus Day

• Invented by the Knights of Columbus, a Catholic club type organization.

• In the 1930s the Catholic people were looking for a hero for their children to look up to. • They were finally able to get FDR to agree to it and in 1934 Roosevelt singed into law as a federal holiday to honor a courageous explorer.

Columbus Holiday or Not?

• “… your Highness may believe that this island (Hispaniola), and all others, are as much yours as Castile. Here there is only wanting a settlement and the order to the people to do what Is required. For I, with the force I have under me, which is not large, could march over all these islands without opposition. I have seen only three sailors land, without wishing to do harm, and a multitude of Indians fled before them. They have no arms, and are without warlike instincts; they all go naked, and are so timid that a thousand would not stand before three of our men. So that they are good to be ordered about, to work and sow, and do all that may be necessary, and to build towns, and they should be taught to go about clothed and to adopt our customs.”