Transcript American Revolution - Willis High School

American Revolution
Unit 3
Causes of the American
Revolution
King George III
★ King of England during the American
Revolution
★ Aggressive behavior towards the colonies
★ He struggled to enforce royal authority
throughout his reign
Mercantilism
★ Practiced by KG3
★ KG3’s England got richer off the colonies
★ The colonies were the source of raw
materials for the “mother country.”
★ The colonies are expected to purchase the
manufactured goods from the “mother
country.”
NO VOICE in Parliament
★ Colonists were upset with taxation by
Parliament.
★ WHY?
★ The colonists had no representation in
Parliament.
French & Indian War
★ Conflict over Ohio River Valley fur trade
★ French Vs. Great Britain (both with Indian
Allies)
Treaty of Paris – 1763
• French allowed to keep sugar producing
islands in West Indies
• Great Britain has huge war debt but gains
lands from Appalachian Mts. To Mississippi
River and Canada
• Spain receives French lands west of the
Mississippi River & the port of New Orleans
The Result of the
French & Indian War?
HUGE AMOUNT OF DEBT
Who will pay for the
French & Indian War Debt?
★ KG3 makes colonists pay off the war debt
through taxes.
★ Colonists get angry and resent KG3 even
more.
★ Tensions build!!
Proclamation of 1763
★ KG3 told colonists they were forbidden to
settle in the west
★ Appalachian Mts.- buffer zone between
Indians and colonists
★ Colonists wanted to settle in the Ohio River
Valley
Civil Disobedience
★ ignoring the policies and government when
laws are considered unjust
★ non-violent actions such as:
boycotts
protests
refusal to pay taxes
Sugar Act - 1764
★ KG3 lowered the cost of sugar to prevent
smuggling into the colonies.
★ Colonists BOYCOTTED the act.
★ KG3 removed Sugar Act because of
BOYCOTT.
Stamp Act - 1765
★ All legal documents have an official stamp
showing the document had been paid for.
★ This revenue is to help pay off French &
Indian War.
★ Colonists riot, Stamp Act repealed and the
Stamp Act Congress is formed.
Sons of Liberty
★ Led by Samuel Adams
★ Purpose of the Sons of Liberty was to
protest on behalf of the colonists
★ Their motto was “taxation without
representation.”
Patrick Henry
★ Spoke against the Stamp Act
★ Famous quote:
“Give me liberty or give me death!”
Haym Salomon
★ Jewish immigrant to America
★ Arrested by the British for being a spy
★ Used by the British as an interpreter with
their German troops
★ Helped British prisoners escape &
encouraged Germans to desert the British
Army
Townshend Acts - 1767
★ Tax on paper, paint, tea, lead and glass
★ Colonists BOYCOTT again!
★ BOYCOTT hurts British merchants
Causes of the American Revolution
http://www.history.com/topics/americanrevolution/american-revolutionhistory/videos/colonists-protest-british-policies
Boston Massacre - March, 1770
★ Red Coats vs. Colonists in Boston
★ Tensions over the taxes imposed to pay off
French & Indian War debt
★ Confusion started the scuffle
★ British fired on “unarmed” colonists
★ 5 colonists die - including Crispus Attucks
Crispus Attucks
★ African American
★ First casualty of the American Revolution
★ He was shot and killed during the Boston
Massacre
The Boston Massacre
http://www.history.com/topics/americanrevolution/boston-massacre/videos/bostonmassacre
Paul Revere’s Engraving
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s Engraving
★ propaganda to persuade the colonist to
leave the king
Repeal of the Townshend Acts
★ April 1770
★ Tax on tea remained
No More King
http://youtu.be/cAZ8QJgFHOg
Tea Act - 1773
★ Benefitted British East India Tea Company
★ Allowed the company to bypass COLONIAL
merchants and sell directly to shops
★ This hurts the colonial merchants & another
way to crush their liberties
Boston Tea Party - 1773
★ Protest led by Sons of Liberty against the
Tea Act
★ Colonial reaction to taxation without
representation
Intolerable Act (Coercive Act) - 1774
★ KG3’s reaction to the Boston Tea Party
★ KG3 closed the port of Boston
★ KG3 Banned town meetings (selfgovernment)
★ KG3 sends troops into Boston
★ Bostonians forced to QUARTER soldiers in
their homes (3rd amendment)
★ MORE boycotts & Continental Congress
convenes
The Tea Act & The Boston Tea Party
http://www.history.com/topics/americanrevolution/american-revolutionhistory/videos/the-sons-of-liberty-and-theboston-tea-party
1st Continental Congress
★ Drafted a list of grievances
★ Colonists started forming militias/ minute
men
Colonial Grievances
1. Taxation without representation
2. King has absolute power
3. Colonists not allowed to speak against KG3
4. Quartering Act
5. Allowed homes to be searched without
warrant
6. No trial by jury of peers
Patriots & Loyalists
Patriots those supporting freedom from KG3 and Great
Britain
Loyalists those remaining loyal to KG3 during the
American Revolution
Paul Revere & William Dawes
- April 1775
★ Warned that the British are on their way to
Concord to capture the arsenal.
★ This would be bad because that is were the
colonists were storing their weapons.
“The regulars are out, the regulars are out.”
Wentworth Cheswell
★ African American patriot
★ warned his community that the British were
coming
Events Surrounding
The American Revolution
Shot Heard Around the World
http://youtu.be/rZMmPWTwTHc
Lexington & Concord - April 19, 1775
★ “Shot heard round the world”
★ First battles of the American Revolution
★ British soldiers vs. Colonial minutemen at
Concord, Massachusetts
Bunker Hill - June 1775
“Don’t shoot ‘til ya see the whites of their eyes.”
General William Prescott
Thomas Paine
★ Common Sense published in January 1776
★ He said it was “Common Sense” to stop
following the “royal brute.”
Declaration of Independence
★ July 4, 1776
★ stated grievances and colonists desire for
independence from KG3.
★ written by Thomas Jefferson
Unalienable Rights
★ fundamental rights guaranteed to the people
naturally because we are people - instead of
guaranteed by law
“life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”
John Locke
Abigail Adams
★ wife of John Adams, who served on the
Continental Congress
“Remember the ladies”
John Trumball
★ painting of the signing of The Declaration
was commissioned in 1817.
John Trumball’s
Signing of the Declaration
2nd Continental Congress
★ prepares for freedom by creating the 1st
constitution called “The Articles of
Confederation”
George Washington
★ delegate at the 1st & 2nd Continental
Congress
★ Commander & Chief of Continental Army
Molly Ludwig Hayes - 1777
★ brought supplies to the soldiers on the
battlefield
★ took over husbands cannon when he
collapsed at Battle of Monmouth
Deborah Sampson
★ disguised as a man
★ fought for 18 months during the revolution
Molly Pitcher
★ Woman who took water soldiers during
battle became known as “Molly Pitchers.”
★ The water was used to drink and cool
cannons down.
Molly Pitcher
http://youtu.be/ArZbCViFLzI
Other “Molly Pitchers”
Martha Washington
Catherine Littlefield Greene
Mercy Otis Warren & Anne Bradstreet
★ used poetry to influence people to support
independence
Phillis Wheatley
★ first published African American woman
★ taught to read and write by slaveholder’s
daughter
Esther De Berdt
★ fundraiser during American Revolution
★ raised $300,000 for Patriots
★ used money to buy linen
★ helped sew 2,220 shirts for the soldiers
Poor Richard’s Almanac
★ written by Benjamin Franklin
★ Best seller during the 1700’s
★ Contained:
tips for farmers
household tips
a calendar
wise sayings
Battle of Saratoga -1777
★ turning point af American Revolution
because the French, led by Marquis de
Lafayette give their support to the Patriots
cause
★ Wentworth Cheswell - African American
who fought at this battle
James Armistead
★ enslaved African American
★ recruited by Marquis de Lafayette to be a
spy for Continental Army
★ posed as a double agent
★ got vital information on British troops that
contributed to the victory at Yorktown
Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
http://www.history.com/topics/americanrevolution/american-revolutionhistory/videos/surviving-valley-forge
Valley Forge - 1777-1778
★ Washington took men to Valley Forge for the
winter to train them.
★ Goal: turn them into a professional army
instead of militias
★ Men suffered harsh conditions, frostbite and
starvation
Serapis Vs. Bonhomme Richard
★ John Paul Jones captained the Bonhomme
Richard
★ Serapis asked him to surrender after many
hours of fighting
“I have not yet begun to fight.”
John Paul Jones
“I have not yet begun to fight”
★ Credited with starting the Navy
John Paul Jones
http://youtu.be/9s58mlY1R6k
Battle of Yorktown - 1781
★ KG3 thinks war is costing too much!
★ General Cornwallis surrenders
★ Colonists WON their independence
Battle of Yorktown
http://www.history.com/topics/americanrevolution/siege-of-yorktown/videos/yorktown
Treaty of Paris - 1783
★ independence is recognized
★ U.S. boundaries set at:
Canada to the North
Mississippi River to the west
Spanish Florida to the south