Transcript Overview of HIV & AIDS in Africa

Overview of HIV & AIDS in Africa
Dr Flavia Senkubuge
Specialist Public Health Medicine
University of Pretoria
28 February 2011
Introduction
• HIV&AIDS remains of Public Health concern in
Africa
• Significant strides made but much still to be
achieved
Some statistics
• Sub-Saharan Africa- more heavily affected by
HIV&AIDS compared to any other region of the
world:
▫ 22.5 million people living with HIV in the region.
▫ 2009 around 1.3 million people died from AIDS in
sub-Saharan Africa
▫ 1.8 million people became infected with HIV
▫ 14.8 million children have lost one or both parents
to HIV/AIDS
Consequences far reaching!
• Consequences of the AIDS epidemic are social
and economic in:
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health sector
Education
Industry
Agriculture
Transport
human resources and the economy in general
The triple challenge
• Providing health care, antiretroviral treatment,
and support to people with HIV-related
illnesses.
• Reducing the annual toll of new HIV infections
• Coping with the impact of AIDS deaths on
national development, orphans and other
survivors and communities.
The prevalences in Africa
• HIV prevalence rates and the numbers of people
dying from AIDS vary between African
countries:
• Somalia and Senegal - HIV prevalence is under
1% of the adult population
• Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe - 10-15% of adults
are infected with HIV
• South Africa the HIV prevalence - 17.8%
• Exceeding 20% Botswana (24.8%), Lesotho
(23.6%) , Swaziland (25.9%).
The prevalences in Africa
• Cameroon HIV prevalence - 5.3%
• Gabon - 5.2%
• Nigeria HIV prevalence - (3.6%) compared to the
rest of Africa BUT 3.3 million people living with HIV
• HIV prevalence in East Africa more than 5% in
Uganda , Kenya, Tanzania
• Rates of new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa
appear to have peaked in the late 1990s
• HIV prevalence declined slightly, although remains
at high level.
Impact HIV&AIDS in Africa
• Life expectancy:
▫ Average life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa - 52
years
• Households:
▫ Loss of income
▫ Home based care
▫ Orphans
• Healthcare:
▫ Increased demand- strain
▫ Affecting health care workers
Impact HIV&AIDS in Africa
• Schools
▫ Affected severely
▫ Play role in education and support of HIV
• Productivity:
▫ Labour (15-49)– slow of economy
▫ Replacement due to ill-health
• Economic growth and development
▫ Severely affected therefore affecting Africa’s
ability to cope
HIV Prevention
• Large scale HIV prevention initiatives – reduce
scale of epidemics e.g Senegal, Uganda, Kenya, Burkina
faso
• Condom use - 2001 and 2005, eight out of eleven
countries in sub-Saharan Africa reported an increase in
condom use.
▫ Consideration (condoms)is cultural beliefs and norms and
desire to have children
▫ Distribution of condoms to countries in sub-Saharan Africa
has also increased: in 2004 the number of condoms
provided to this region by donors was the equivalent of 10
for every man
HIV Prevention
• Provision of VCT – awareness of status leads to
prevention in transmission and possible accesess to
treatment ,care and support e.g Burkina Faso,
Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi
• Mother-to-child transmission of HIV
▫ 2009- 300,000 children in sub-Saharan Africa
became infected with HIV
▫ Without interventions, there is a 20-45% chance that
an HIV-positive mother will pass the virus on to her
child
▫ With antiretroviral drugs, this risk can be significantly
reduced.
Treatment and care
• Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) - significantly delay the
progression of HIV to AIDS and allow people living
with HIV to live relatively normal, healthy lives
▫ Poor health systems – reduced delivery
▫ Not enough health care workers
▫ 4 in 10 not receiving ARVs
• Success
▫ number of people receiving ARVs in Africa doubled in
2005 alone
▫ end of 2009, almost 4 million people in Africa were
receiving antiretroviral treatment
Treatment and care
• Initiatives:
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▫ World Health Organisation (WHO) initiated the ‘3 by
5’ programme - three million people in developing
countries on ARVs by the end of 2005.
▫ Latest international target, ‘All by 2010’- universal
access to treatment by 2010.
VCT
Nutrition
Follow up counselling
Protection from stigma and discrimination
Treatment of STI
Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infection
Way forward
• International support
▫ Increased funding
• Domestic commitment
▫ Increased domestic expenditure
• Reducing stigma and discrimination
• Empowering women and girls
• HOW FAR IS YOUR COUNTRY ( DISCUSSION) – 15 mins
Conclusion
• Sustained and committed efforts are necessarily
not only from international partners but from
countries themselves if the fight against HIV&
AIDS is to be won!
THANK YOU !
[email protected]
References
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UNAIDS (2010) 'UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic'
UNAIDS (2010) 'UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic'
UNAIDS (2010) 'UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic
WHO/UNAIDS/UNICEF (2010) 'Towards universal access: Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS
interventions in the health sector'
UNAIDS (2006) 'Report on the global AIDS epidemic' Chapter 7: Treatment and care
WHO/UNAIDS/UNICEF (2010) 'Towards universal access: Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS
interventions in the health sector'
The Global Fund (March 2009), 'Scaling up for impact: Results report'
Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator, U.S. Department of State (2009, May), 'Making a
difference: funding'
Lu Chunling et al (2010, April 9th) 'Public financing of health in developing countries: a
cross-national systematic analysis' Lancet 975(9723)
International AIDS Society (2010) 'Universal Access: Rights Here, Right Now'
UNAIDS (2008) 'Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic'
UNICEF (2009), ‘Preventing HIV with young people: the key to tackling the epidemic’