Transcript John Constable - Английский язык в школе

*British
Painting in the
19th Century
*
Parkina Lyudmila Konstantinovna
the teacher of English
«Gymnasium №1»
Mordovia, Ruzaevka
* The XIX century gave birth to a great number of artists in great
Britain. It was a period of Romanticism, of industrial and social
revolution.
John
William Turner
The art of this period was
diversified, it depicted the continual
changes that took place in the life of
the British people. But
Romanticism was the leading force in
the New Art. The lesire for
understanding and expression of
human life in all its aspects led the
Romanticism to the past, but by
attitude to the present,
Romanticism opened the way to
realism, which became the most vital
force in the XIX century art. The
Romantic artists sought inspiration
in this history, they were attracted by
exotic historical surroundings, but
they also acquired a growing
understanding of contemporary life
*John
Constable
( 1776-1837 )
John Constable, one of the greatest
landscape painters, was born in Sufford,
June 11, 1776.
He was the son of a wealthy miller.
He began to take interest in landscape
painting while he was at grammar school.
His father did not favour art as
profession.
As a boy Constable worked almost
secretly, painting in the cottage of an
amateur painter.
His keen artistic interest was such that
his father allowed him to visit London in
1795, where he began to study painting.
*
Although he showed an early talent for art and began painting his native
Suffolk scenery before he left school, his great originality matured slowly. He
committed himself to a career as an artist only in 1799, when he joined the Royal
Academy Schools and it was not until 1829 that he was grudgingly made a full
Academician, elected by a majority of only one vote.
The Royal Academy School
*
He was the first landscape painter who considered that every painter
should make his sketches direct from nature, that is, working in the open air.
Constable’s art developed slowly. He tried to make his living by portraits.
His heart was never in this and he achieved no popularity. Constable was a
realist. He put into his landscape cattle, horses, the people working there
Flatford Mill 1817
Malvern Hall. 1809
Waterloo Bridge
*
The White Horse: 1819
He put the smiling meadows, the sparkle of the sun on
rain, or the stormy and uncertain clouds. The most notable
works of Constable are “Flatford Mill”, «The White
Horse”, “The Hay Wain”, “Waterloo Bridge”, “From
Whitehall stairs” and others
*In 1816 he became
financially secure on
the death of his father
and married Maria
Bicknell after a
seven-year courtship
and in the fact of
strong opposition
from her family.
Maria Bicknell
(Mrs John Constable): 1816
During the 1820s he began to win recognition: The Hay
Wain (National Gallery, London, 1821) won a gold medal
at the Paris Salon of 1824 and Constable was admired by
Delacroix and Bonington among others. His wife died in
1828, however, and the remaining years of his life were clouded
by despondency
*
Wivenhoe Park. 1816
Salisbury Cathedral, from the
Bishop's Grounds. 1823..
*
In England Constable never received the recognition that he felt
he was due.
The French were the first to acclaim Constable publicly. His influence
upon foreign painting schools has been powerful. Constable may truly be
considered the father of modern landscape painting.
Paintings
«The Glebe Farm»
«Boatbuilding»
«Salisbury Cathedral, from the Meadows»
«Dedham Church and Vale»
«Boys Fishing»
«Hadleigh Castle»
«Coldish Сonstable’s Kitchen Garten»
*
In 1835, his last lecture to the students
of the RA, in which he praised
Raphael and called the R.A. the
"cradle of British art", was
"cheered most heartily". He died on
the night of the 31st March,
apparently from indigestion, and
was buried with Maria in the
graveyard of St John-atHampstead, Hampstead. (His
children John Charles Constable
and Charles Golding Constable
are also buried in this family tomb.)
Joseph Mallord William Turner was
born in London, England, on April 23,
1775. His father was a barber. His
mother died when he was very young.
The boy received little schooling. His
father taught him how to read, but
this was the extent of his education
except for the study of art. By the age
of 13 he was making drawings at
home and exhibiting them in his
father's shop window for sale.
He entered the Royal Academy of Art schools in 1789, when he was only 14 years old, and was accepted into the
academy a year later. Sir Joshua Reynolds, president of the Royal Academy at the time, chaired the panel that
admitted him. At first Turner showed a keen interest in architecture but was advised to keep to painting by the
architect Thomas Hardwick (junior). A watercolour of Turner's was accepted for the Summer Exhibition of 1790
after only one year's study. He exhibited his first oil painting in 1796, Fishermen at Sea, and thereafter exhibited at
the academy nearly every year for the rest of his life.
Although known for his
oils, Turner is regarded as one of
the founders of English watercolour
landscape painting. Some of his
most famous works are “Calais
Pier”, “Dido Building Carthage”,
“Rain”, “Steam and Speed”, “Burial
at Sea”, and “The Grand Canal,
Venice”.
Early Career
Turner was 15 years old when he received a rare honor--one of his
paintings was exhibited at the Royal Academy. By the time he was
18 he had his own studio. Before he was 20 print sellers were
eagerly buying his drawings for reproduction.
He quickly achieved a fine reputation and was elected an associate of
the Royal Academy. In 1802, when he was only 27, Turner became
a full member. He then began traveling widely in Europe.
The most famous works
The Europe
Turner travelled widely in Europe, starting with France and Switzerland in 1802 and studying in
the Louvre in Paris in the same year. He also made many visits to Venice during his lifetime. William
Turner never married, although he had a mistress, Sarah Danby, by whom he had two daughters.
Amongst his most famous work is 'The fighting Temeraire tugged to her last berth to be broken up',
painted in 1839.Venice was the inspiration of some of Turner's finest work. Wherever he visited he
studied the effects of sea and sky in every kind of weather. His early training had been as a topographic
draftsman. With the years, however, he developed a painting technique all his own. Instead of merely
recording factually what he saw, Turner translated scenes into a light-filled expression of his own
romantic feelings.
He made his first visit to Italy in 1819, returning in 1828, 1835, and in 1840. It was from his first visit that he
started to use the pale brilliance of colour in his oil-paintings that he had already used in his watercolours.
*TURNER'S LAST YEARS
As he grew older, Turner became more eccentric. He had few close friends, except for his
father, who lived with him for thirty years, eventually working as his studio assistant. His
father died in 1829, which had a profound effect on him, and thereafter he was subject to bouts of
depression.
William Turner died in his house in Cheyne Walk, Chelsea on December 19 1851. At his
request he was buried in St Paul's Cathedral, where he lies next to Sir Joshua Reynolds.
His last exhibition at the Royal Academy was in 1850.
Turner left a large fortune that he hoped would be used to support what he called "decaying
artists." His collection of paintings was bequeathed to the British nation, and he intended that
a special gallery would be built to house them. This did not come to pass owing to a dispute by
his descendants over the legality of his will. Twenty years after his death, the paintings were
given over to the British Museum
* He was buried in St Paul's Cathedral, where he lies next to Sir
Joshua Reynolds. His last exhibition at the Royal Academy was in
1850.
*Thank You For
Attention