Transcript Absolute Rulers of russia

ABSOLUTE RULERS OF
RUSSIA
Chapter 5 Section 4
RUSSIA
*Ivan III 1462-1505
*Conquered territory around
Moscow
*Liberated Russia from the
Mongols
*Began centralizing the
Russian govt
*Succeeded by his son, Vasily
who ruled for 28 years
*He added territory and
increased power of the central
govt
*Left throne to his son Ivan IV
IVAN THE TERRIBLE
• Ivan IV = 1st Czar – The
Terrible!
• 1533 took throne at 3 yrs
old
• Boyars -Russian
landowning nobles tried to
take his power
• They fought to control Ivan
• At 16, Ivan seized power
and crowned himself Czar
• Married Anastasia, a boyar
and a Romanov
IVAN -THE GOOD PERIOD
• 1547-1560
• Won great victories
• Added lands to
Russia
• Gave Russia a code
of laws
• Ruled justly and
fairly!
RULE BY TERROR
AKA: THE “BAD PERIOD”
• Began in 1560 after the death
of Anastasia (she was 30)
• Accused the boyars of
poisoning his wife & turned
against them
• Organized his own police
force to hunt down traitors
and kill them
• Dressed in black and rode
black horses…hmmm…
• Executed many boyars, their
families and their peasants
• Gave their lands to his loyals
IVAN THE INSANE!
• 1581 Ivan killed his
eldest son and heir to
the throne!
• When Ivan died 3 years
later his weak son was
left to rule who proved
to be physically and
mentally incapable of
ruling and died without
an heir
TIMES OF TROUBLES
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Without an heir to the throne Russia experienced turmoil
Boyars struggled for power
Heirs of czars died under mysterious conditions
Impostors tried to claim the throne
1613 representatives from many Russian cities met to choose
the next czar
• They chose Michael Romanov- grandnephew of Ivan’s wife
Anastasia
• Began the Romanov Dynasty which ruled Russia for 300
years (1613-1917)
EXIT SLIP - THE FIRST CZAR
1. He was the first “terrible” czar of Russia?
a. Ivan III b. Ivan IV c. Michael
2. Russian nobles were known as _________.
a. Indtendants b. Lords c. Boyars
3. What most likely caused Anatasia’s death?
a. cancer b. poisoned c. strangled
4. Powerful family that would rule Russia after the
“Time of Troubles” for 300 years?
a. Romanov b. Lenin c. Trotsky
PETER THE GREAT
• Romanovs restored order,
strengthened govt, passed a
law code, and put down
revolt
• Peter the Great once shared
the throne with his half
brother, but then became an
absolute ruler
• One of Russia’s greatest
reformers
• Increased the czar’s power
RUSSIA CONTRASTS
WITH EUROPE
• Serfdom existed in Russia until the mid-1800s
• Serfs were treated like property
• Serfs were sold with the land, they could be given away as
presents, or forms of payment, they weren’t allowed to run
away
• Russia had been cut off from the Renaissance and exploration
• Russia was geographically cut off from the west
• Russians also had a different religion, they practiced Eastern
Orthodox branch of Christianity
PETER VISITS THE WEST
• Peter embarked on the “Grand Embassy”, a long visit
to Western Europe
• He wanted to learn European customs and
manufacturing techniques
• He traveled in plain clothes to conceal his identity
• Peter had a goal of westernization: he wanted Russia
to compete with Europe militarily and commercially
• This was a way to make Russia stronger
PETER’S REFORMS
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Peter increased his own power to force change on Russia
Brought the Russian Orthodox Church under state control
Abolished the office of patriarch, hear of the church
Set up a group called the Holy Synod to run the church under
his direction
Reduced the power of the great landowners
Recruited men from lower-ranking families and promoted
them to positions of authority
Hired European officers to modernize his army and Navy with
European tactics and weapons
Imposed heavy taxes to pay for army
WESTERNIZING RUSSIA
• Introduced potatoes, which became a staple of Russian diet
• Started Russia’s first newspaper and edited its first issue
himself
• Raised women’s status by having them attend social gatherings
• Ordered the nobles to give up their traditional clothes for
Western fashions
• Advanced education by opening a school of navigation and
introducing schools for the arts and sciences
• Peter believed education was the key to progress, many
subjects were forced to study abroad
ESTABLISHING
ST. PETERSBURG
• Peter wanted a seaport to
more easily access the West
• He fought Sweden to
access a piece of the Baltic
coast
• It took 21 years to win the
“Window of Europe”,
named St. Petersburg
• At the time of Peter’s death,
Russia was a major force in
Europe