Transcript Document

SCIENCE!
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Science is observing, studying, and
experimenting to find the nature of things.
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Social Sciences
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Biology
Earth Sciences
Physical Sciences
Experiments
Scientists
Knowledge
gained from
experiments
Engineers
Technology
Practical
Applications
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To gain knowledge about the natural world
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Technology – The practical application of
science.
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To apply scientific understanding to solve
problems.
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Definition – A summary of many experiments
& results and observations; law tells how
things in the natural world work.
A law does not explain processes.
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Definition – An explanation for some
phenomenon that is based on observation,
experiment, and reasoning.
Always being questioned.
1. Make a three column chart, with headings;
“Example”
“Theory or Law?”
“Reasons”
2. List some laws and theories you have
learned about in other classes. State whether it
is a law or theory.
3. Give reasons for each and be accurate and
logical.
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One scientist cannot create a theory; she/he can
only create an educated guess.
Both theories and laws
are used to advance
technology.
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A theory must explain observations clearly
and consistently.
The biggest difference between a law and a
theory is that a theory is much more complex
and dynamic.
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Law or Theory?
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Laws and Theories can be stated with words.
These statements can be translated into
mathematical equations.
Mathematics is the Universal language of all
science!
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A scientific model is a representation of an
object or event that can be studied to
understand the real object or event.
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So how is a scientific model used?
A model is used to study or make predictions
about a situation the model represents
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What do you do if the light goes out while
your doing homework?
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Definition – the willingness to assess claims
and to make judgments on the basis of
objective and supported reasons.
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What is it, and why do we need it?
Definition: a series of steps followed to solve
problems including collecting data,
formulating, a hypothesis, and stating
conclusions.
Form a
Question
Observe
Observation
Test the
Hypothesis
Observation
Draw
conclusions
Research
and collect
Data
Form a
Hypothesis
How can we organize data that we have
collected?
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
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Line Graphs – Used to compare data that
changes
So data that changes for some reason is when
we use a line graph.
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Dependent variable - The variable we control
in the experiment.
The dependent variable ALWAYS goes on the
“Y” axis.
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Independent variable – The variable that we
cannot (or do not) control in an experiment.
The independent variable is ALWAYS on the
“x” axis.
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Bar Graph – Used to compare similar data,
and make differences easier to see.
A bar graph is used when data does not
change but instead to display constant data.
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First create a table with 2 columns titled height and
age.
Then come to the front of the classroom and
measure your height (in cm). The front desk in 92
tall.
Then get information from the rest of your
classmates.
After doing this sit Use graph paper to create a line
graph using age as the independent variable and
height as the dependent variable.
 Definition:
Is a way of writing numbers that
are too big or too small to be conveniently
written in decimal form.

Scientific notation has a number of useful properties and
is commonly used in calculators and by scientists,
mathematicians and engineers.
All numbers are written in the form of:
𝑎 × 10𝑏
(a times ten raised to the power of b)
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Where a is any real number and the exponent b is an integer.
Standard decimal notation
Normalized scientific notation
2
2.00×100
300
3.00×102
4,321.768
4.32×103
-53,000
−5.30×104
6,720,000,000
6.72×109
0.2
2.00×10−1
0.000 000 007 51
7.51×10−9
START timing when
your cart reaches the
20.0 cm Mark! ALWAYS.
20.0
cm
STOP timing when your
cart reaches the 30.0
cm Mark! For the first
4 trials.
30.0
cm
Continue to take
measurements starting
from 20 cm and moving
10.0cm further for each
trial.
40.0
cm
 Significant
figures - The significant figures of
a number are those digits that carry meaning
contributing to its precision.
 Significant
figures help keep track of
imprecision.
 Accuracy
– a description of how close a
measurement is to the correct or accepted
value of the quantity measured.
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In describing the imperfection of a measurement
one must consider both a measurements
accuracy and precision.
 Precision
– the degree of exactness of a
measurement.
 It
also describes the limitations of the
measuring device or instrument.
 Why
does accuracy and precision matter at
all?
 Because
theories are based on observation
and experiment, careful measurements are
very important!