Transcript Causes of Change: Imperial Government to Republic

1918-1919: Imperial Government to
Republic
1933: Third Reich
By: Haley Fica and Sarah Dotson
-Germany entered WWI in 1914.-The Central
Powers (Germany, Austria- Hungary, Turkey, and
Bulgaria) thought they had more man power than
the Allies did; however, the United States joined
the Allies in April 1917 and returned the power to
the Allies.
-As the Central Powers, began to lose World War I,
many Germans began demanding an end to the
war. -Many more Germans also began to
associate themselves with the political left, or the
Social Democratic Party, who also opposed the
war.
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-In October 1918, North
Germany began to see the
beginning of the revolution.
Germany Navy ships refused to
sail which began the uprisings
against the imperial
government. The German
Revolution begins.
-The uprisings began to spread
throughout Germany on
November 3. Also, military
rulers began to lose faith with
Kaiser and his government.
-With an internal revolution, Austria-Hungary
began to break apart from racial tensions, and
pressure from the German high command, the
German ruling princes relinquished their power.
-On November 9, Phillip Scheidemann named a
Republic to take the imperial government’s
place. This new government was governed by
the German Social Democrats.
-On November 11, the armistice was signed
between the Allies and Germany to stop fighting
in the Western front (Luxembourg and Belgium)
and the war was over.
-In 1919, a national assembly meet in Weimar
and created a new constitution, which would
begin August 11.
-August 1, 1914: World war I begins-1917: The Unites States
enters the Allied Forces.
-October 7- November 3 1918: The German navy refuses to
be sent out to fight.
-November 4, 1918: General strikes occur by sailors and
work councils.
-November 7, 1918: Workers march upon the House of
Wittelsbach.
-November 8, 1918: The German Princes, grand dukes, and
ruling dukes are deposed.
-November 9, 1918: Phillip Scheidemann creates the
republic.
-November 11, 1918: End of World War I.
-1919: New Constitution formed.
-August 11, 1919: The constitution is put in place and Phillip
Scheidemann announced as chancellor.
Phillip Scheidamann: He announced the
beginning of the republic.
President: over 35 years old, this
person represented Germany as
a whole, had a term of 7 years,
commander of the armed forces
Chancellor
and
ministers
were
appointed by
the
president.
Cabinet formed
decisions by
majority vote.
Reichstag:
The
Parliament
-The Weimar Republic was troubled before it
even started. They had massive debts to pay
due to the war, and they had large amounts of
orphans and disabled soldiers.
-Weak currency lead to bad economy and a
poor country. Hyperinflation occurred.
-High unemployment rates.
-High taxes
-Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor in January
1933 during the economic, social, and
political decline of the republic.
-He establishes the third Reich through the
Enabling Act of 1933. This was signed by
president Paul von Hindenburg. Through this
act, Hitler legally established his plenary
powers and his dictatorship. It allowed the
Nazis to have complete power and the cabinet
did not have to have a majority support of the
Reichstag, or the Parliament established by
the Weimar Republic.
-January 30, 1933: Adolf Hitler
is appointed as Chancellor
by President Paul von
Hindenburg.-February 27,
1933: Reichstag building is
set on fire, and the
communist Marinus van
derLubbe is charged with
arson. The Nazis begin to
exploit the Reichstag Fire
Decree by taking civil
liberties to suppress their
opponents
.-March 1933: The Enabling Act amended the
constitution and allowed the cabinet to pass laws
without the Reichstag.
-1934: The regime began to ban the communists, the
social Democrats, the Nationalists, the People’s
Party, the German state Party, and the Catholic
centre Party. These disbanded people could either
join the Nazis or not participate in politics at all.
Adolf Hitler
Joseph Goebbel’s propaganda
machine which showed the
government as a dedicated,
dutiful, and efficient outfit. He
was editor of the Berlin Nazi
Newspaper. Was Reich Minister
of Public Enlightenment and
Propaganda. He attacked
German Jews which eventually
lead to the holocaust. He had
totalitarian control over the
media. He used his propaganda
to prepare the Germans for
aggressive war and killing of
civilian peoples.
The Fuhrer, or
leader, Adolf Hitler.
Each law was approved
or disapproved by him.
Cabinet
Reich offices
(Reich Treasury
office, Reich Youth
Office)
Reich ministries
(Reich of foreign
Ministry, Ministry of
Justice, Economic
Ministry)
Politics: This huge revolution was the result of the publics
discontentment toward the Kaiser family. They changed
Germany to a republic and with this republic came a
constitution as well. The people were very involved in this
movement, and there was voting rights for all and the people’s
votes meant everything to the government.
Technology: The construction and use of Zeppelins came back
during this time. They were often used as “peace vehicles”
between the countries.
Intellectual Innovations: During this time, there was a school
called the Frankfurt school. Here there were many scholars
that supported communist ideas. They did not believe in
socialism or capitalism, and they were called Marxist scholars.
Economics: There was a policy called the Rentenmark that
helped to stop inflation temporarily. Yet, Germany was not in
good shape thanks to the natural resources that had been
taken from the war. During the Weimar Republic, though, they
stabilized the economy and they called this the golden age.
Religion: Jewish people became extremely powerful and
influential during this time. Some of this power is what geared
Hitler towards Anti- Semitism. Also, the Catholic people were
important in the republic.
Society: For the most part, there was still a social hierarchy.
But, women had more rights than they did before because of
the introduction of the Constitution, but overall society wasn’t
equal by any means.
Art and Architecture: During this period, there was a huge
modern art movement. It was mostly architectural and it was
very simple. It was called the Bauhaus style.
Politics: Under von Hindenburg, Hitler became chancellor.
When con Hindenburg passed away, Hitler came to power
and named himself Fuhrer, and he abolished the
presidency. He passed the Enabling act in order to do
this.
Technology: During this time, the technology relating to the
army and weapons flourished. Hitler encouraged mass
destruction is his goal to rule the world. Because of Hitler’s
drive Germany became extremely powerful and they had the
best air force and mechanized army.
Intellectual Innovations: Overall, the goal in Germany was to
create more Nazis. All of the education was designated to
brainwash the children into Nazis. Schools made sure that the
students obtained information on white supremacy and race
science. They also trained the children to be housewives and
even soldiers.
Economy: During the Third Reich the economy was a mix
between a command economy and a free market. The reason
for the confusion in their economic state was simply because
of the Nazis overall perception that the economy was
materialistic. The main goal of Hitler was to expand and
conquer; therefore, he didn’t care very much about the
economy.
Religion: Overall, Hitler did not believe that Jewish people
were good, and he passed laws that forced them to wear
yellow stars, and he even encouraged violence against them.
He even sent them to concentration camps to eventually die.
Society: Basically in their society, people such as Jews,
Gypsies, homosexuals, and other outcasts were sent to
concentration camps. The favored people were called Aryans,
and they had blonde hair and blue eyes.
Art and Architecture: In the Weimar Republic, a modern art
movement had occurred, and Hitler worked to make the public
forget about it. He made it to where every form of media had
to be strictly reviewed by the Propaganda Ministry. Most of the
art that was approved was based upon things that Hitler stood
for.
Revolutionary
Period:
Society
Religion
Economy
Successfulness
Weimer
Republic
There were obvious
social divisions, but
women’s rights
improved, and there
was room for
everyone to have a
place in society.
The people were
much more
involved in general.
Catholics and Jews
were influential in
society. Jewish
people were
particularly
influential.
The economy was
stable, and
Germany went
through a golden
age. They
decreased the rate
of inflation as well.
The Weimer Republic
was a period of
overall
successfulness and
peacefulness
throughout Germany.
There was a stable
economy, little
hatred, a stable
government, and an
art movement.
Third Reich
Social classes were
prominent, but it was not
due to a usual factor:
income. The social
inequalities that were
present were because of
Hitler’s Anti- Semitic
movement where he was
against Jews and other
outcasts such as gypsies,
and homosexuals, as well
as the disabled. The
favored race was called
the Aryans, and they had
blonde hair and blue
eyes.
Jewish people were
at the end of the
spectrum. They
were sent to
concentration
camps, and they
were forced to wear
yellow stars that
identified them as
Jews. They were
persecuted during
Hitler’s reign.
The economy failed
during this time
because the Nazis
believed that the
only important
thing was to destroy
and conquer. They
didn’t believe in
materialistic things;
therefore, their
economy was a mix
of different things
during this time.
The Third Reich was
an awful economic,
political, societal,
and religious
period. Nothing
prospered from this
time, and the
destruction
outweighed all of
the benefits that
may have been
gained.
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Haley: Assignment 1, Assignment
3, Overall PowerPoint Presentation
Sarah: Assignment 2, Assignment 4,
Overall PowerPoint Presentation