Transcript Making Strategy - University of South Florida

Making Strategy
“War is an
extension of
politics by
other means.”
- Carl von Clausewitz
Overview
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Definitions
Doctrine
National Objectives
Grand Strategy
Military Strategy
Operational Strategy
Battlefield Strategy
Influences on the
Strategy Process
Definitions
• Policy—Guidance that is directive or
instructive, stating what is to be accomplished
– Objectives and rules of engagement
– Mutable and often changes
Definitions
• Strategy—The art and science of coordinating
the development, deployment, and
employment of military forces to achieve
national security objectives
Definitions
• Doctrine—A statement of officially
sanctioned beliefs, war-fighting
principles, and terminology that
describes and guides the proper use
of military forces in support of
national objectives
– How a job should be done
– Evolves from experience and theory
– Authoritative, but unlike policy,
not directive
Doctrine
• Common frame of reference
• Shapes how AF organizes, trains, equips,
and sustains
• Prepares us for future uncertainties
• Used with judgment
• Political, economic, or social situation may
dictate departure from doctrine
National Objectives
• The fundamental aims, goals, or purposes of a
nation toward which a policy is directed, and
efforts & resources are applied
• Three Levels of Interest
• Vital
• Major
• Peripheral
National Objectives
• Vital Interests—Broad, overriding importance to
the survival, safety, and vitality of our nation
– State is not willing to compromise on
– State is generally willing to go to war to protect
National Objectives
• Major interests—Affect our national well-being
– May use force…not normally necessary
– Peacekeeping operations
– Reconnaissance missions
National Objectives
• Peripheral Interests—Our nation may act
because our values demand it
– Response to disasters
– Human rights violations
– Environmental protection
National Objectives
• Interests are often intertwined
– Vietnam?
– Kosovo?
– Iraq?
– Afghanistan?
N A T IO N A L O B JE C T IV E S
G rand Strategy
P olitical
Strategy
M ilitary
Strategy
E conom ic
Strategy
SSG pg.
97
Grand Strategy
• Development & use of ALL
national power instruments
and the coordination of
these instruments
– Political
– Economic
– Information
– Military
Grand Strategy Players
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President
Congress
National Media
Interest groups/Public opinion
N A T IO N A L O B JE C T IV E S
G ran d S trategy
P olitical
S trategy
M ilitary
S trategy
E con om ic
S trategy
Military Challenges*
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Traditional challenges
Irregular challenges
Catastrophic challenges
Disruptive challenges
* National Security Strategy 2006
Current Military Strategy
• Strategic Objectives
• Achieving Our Objectives
• Managing Risk
Current Military Strategy
• To support the NSS and provide enduring security for
the American people, the Department has
five key objectives:
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Defend the Homeland
Win the Long War
Promote Security
Deter Conflict
Win our Nation’s Wars
Current Military Strategy
• We will achieve our objectives by…
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Shaping the choices of key states;
Preventing adversaries from acquiring or using WMD;
Strengthening and expanding alliances & partnerships;
Securing U.S. strategic access and retaining freedom of
action; and,
– Integrating and unifying our efforts
Current Military Strategy
• Managing Risk
– Operational
– Future Challenges
– Force Management
– Institutional
N A T IO N A L O B J E C T IV E S
G ra n d S tra teg y
P o litica l
S tra teg y
M ilita ry
S tra teg y
O p era tio n a l
S tra teg y
E co n o m ic
S tra teg y
Operational Strategy
• The art and science of planning, orchestrating,
and directing military campaigns within a
theater of operations to achieve national
security objectives
Operational Strategy
• What does it do?
• Levels of operational strategy
– Combined campaigns
– Joint campaigns
– Component campaigns
Operational Strategy
• Orchestration of all military efforts in the theater
• Goal is to win the theater war
– Achieve the military objective
– Military objective contributes to the achievement of a
political objective
N A T IO N A L O B JE C T IV E S
G ran d S trategy
P olitical
S trategy
M ilitary
S trategy
O p eration al
S trategy
B attlefield
S trategy
(tactics)
RESULTS
E con om ic
S trategy
Battlefield
Strategy
(Tactics)
• The art and science of employing forces on the
battlefield to achieve national security objectives
Battlefield Strategy
• Dynamic level of operations
• Difficult to talk about in general terms
– nuclear war
– operations other than war
– conventional war
– space war
– information war
– urban warfare
– desert war
– the list goes on......
N A T IO N A L O B J E C T IV E S
G r a n d S tra te g y
P o litica l
S tra te g y
th rea t
d o m estic p o litics
p h y sica l en v iro n m en t
eco n o m ics
tech n o lo g y
M ilita ry
S tra te g y
O p e r a tio n a l
S tra te g y
B a ttle fie ld
S tra te g y
(ta c tic s)
R ESU LTS
E c o n o m ic
S tra te g y
lea d ersh ip
cu ltu re/so ciety
in tern a tio n a l p o litics
g eo g ra p h y
d o ctrin e
fo g , frictio n , ch a n ce
Points to Remember…
• National objectives drive the process
• Grand Strategy incorporates and/or
coordinates all the instruments of national
power…not just military
• Military Strategy supports national objectives
• Operational and Battlefield Strategy must
be flexible
• Several influences on the strategy process
Summary
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Definitions
Doctrine
National Objectives
Grand Strategy
Military Strategy
Operational Strategy
Battlefield Strategy
Influences on the
Strategy Process
“If the world is to have ONE
superpower, thank God it is the United
States of America.”
- Gen Khalid, Saudi Arabia
QUESTIONS?