Transcript The Civil War - Miss Callihan's Social Studies Website

The Call to Arms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How did two border states bolster northern
confidence? Kentucky and Delaware
supported the Union.
What Virginia event helped the North? The
western counties of Virginia refuse to
secede and become West Virginia.
What four things did the North have much
more of than the South had? Factories,
railroad track, farmland people.
What were three parts of the Northern
strategy? Blockade southern seaports,
cut the south in two by gaining control
of the Mississippi River, invade Virginia
and seize Richmond.
Who was the Union general in the First
Battle of Bull Run? Irvin Mc Dowell
Irvin McDowell
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How did two border states bolster southern confidence?
Maryland and Missouri supported the South, and northern
troops had to be used to subdue them.
Which generals left the U.S. Army to join the Confederate
Army? Robert E Lee, Joseph Johnston, Albert Johnston
What were two advantages the South had? The
Confederates would be fighting on their own territory,
and the local people would help them, they would be
lead by some of the nation’s best officers
What was the South’s strategy? To defend its lead until
the North got tired of fighting and seek aid from
European Nations
Why was the South hopeful that Britain would support it?
Because Britain was a major trading partner that needed
Southern cotton.
Robert E Lee
What effect did the war have on American families?
It broke families apart
2. What were the camp conditions for soldiers? Often
miserable and diseased, no clean water.
3. What were the conditions for prisoners of war in the
North and the South? Over crowded prison
camps, food shortages,
high death rate
1.
Early Years of the War
 New rifles and cannons were more accurate and had
greater range than previous weapons.
 Ironclads were a great improvement over older
wooden warships.
 Event: Forts Henry and Donelson, February 1862
 Military Leader:
 Union: Grant
 Outcome:
 The Union takes control of two water routes into the
western Confederacy.
 Event: Use of ironclads
 Outcome:
 Ironclads are used by the South against the
blockade and by the North to hold the Mississippi
River
 Event: Battle of Shiloh, April 1862
 Military Leader:
 Union: Grant
 Confederacy: A. S. Johnston
 Outcome:
 Union takes control of major railroad center and
part of the Mississippi River
 Event: New Orleans, April 1862
 Military Leader:
 Union: Farragut
 Outcome:
 The North controls almost all of the Mississippi River.
 Event: Outside Richmond, Virginia, May and June
1862
 Military Leader:
 Union: McClellan
 Outcome:
 Richmond is not taken
 Event: Battle of Antietam, September 1862
 Military Leader:
 Union: McClellan
 Confederacy: Lee
 Outcome:
 Lee is forced to stop his invasion of the North
Reading Notes
 The Emancipation Proclamation
 Banning of slavery in all federal territories and in
Washington D.C.
 Withdrawing federal protection of slavery on the high
seas
 Relieving federal officials of their duty to return
fugitive slaves to their masters under the Fugitive Slave
Act of 1850
 Stated that slaves who made it to Union lines would be
freed, but soldiers could not go to plantations and
entice slaves to leave
 William Seward
 He did want the Emancipation Proclamation to seem
like a last measure or a cry for help
 “If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I
would do it. And if I could save it by freeing all the
slaves, I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing
some and leaving others alone, I would do that.”
 The Battle of Antietam
 The ‘victory’ was the win Lincoln had been waiting for
to release the proclamation
 It gave the rebel states until the end of the year to lay
down their weapons and rejoin the Union or he would
free all the slaves in the south on January 1
 (Basically this was an ultimatum to the South)
 January 1, 1863
 It authorized the enlistment of free blacks for the
armed service in the Union Army (20% of the army)
 Lifted the ban on enticement (put into place in the
Confiscation Acts) (weakening the south)
 Put pressure on the slave holding border states loyal to
the Union
 MOST IMPORTANTLY: it gave the war an added
meaning: it was now a war to end slavery (Britain would not side with
slavery)
 ½ a million
 West Virginia, Maryland, Tennessee, Louisiana,
Arkansas, and Missouri
 A reluctant emancipator- a president who for a long
time was unwilling to transform a war for the Union
into a war to abolish slavery
 A political genius- he bided his time until public
opinion caught up to his views
 Neither of the above- Lincoln the politician and the
man were too complex
The Emancipation Proclamation
 Lincoln’s main war goal was to restore or preserve the
Union. He did not free slaves at the beginning of the war in
order to avoid causing border states to secede.
 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on
January 1, 1863. However, it only freed slaves in states
fighting the Union, so very few enslaved people were
immediately freed. Most Union soldiers supported the
proclamation because it weakened the South.
 The Emancipation Proclamation caused the Civil War to
become a war to end slavery. It also kept Britain from
recognizing the South’s independance.
 More than half of African American volunteers serving in the
Union army were former slaves.
 Confederates did not treat captured African American soldiers as
prisoners of war; they faced slavery or death.
 Noncombat positions held by free African Americans in the
Union army:
 Cooks
 wagon drivers
 Hospital aides
 Ways enslaved African Americans
hurt the Confederate war effort:
 Provided information to the
Union
 Refused to work
The Civil War and American Life
 In the North, some people:
 Opposed the
Emancipation
Proclamation
 believed the South had the
right to secede
 Blamed Lincoln for
forcing the South into
war
 Northern Democrats
opposed to the war were
called Copperheads
 Areas of the South less
supportive of war:
 Poor backcountry
regions with few
enslaved people
 Opposition to the war was
strongest in Georgia and
North Carolina
 Divisions were also created
by strong support for
states’ rights
 Ways people disrupted the war effort:
 encouraged soldiers to desert
 Helped prisoners of war escape
 Tried to prevent men from volunteering
 Held peace protests
 Both sides dealt with disruptions in some areas by
suspending habeas corpus
Let’s Think:
What is habeas corpus?
 Desertion was a
problem for both sides.
Many soldiers left their
units to plant or harvest
crops
 Each side established a
draft, a system of
required military
service. Anger at
exceptions to this
requirement caused riots
in many places.
New York Draft Riots
 Congress levied the first income tax to pay for the
war.
 The Union printed large amounts of paper money,
causing the cost of goods to increase.
 Union blockades of the South caused shortages that
made goods expensive.
 Women’s contributions to the war effort on both sides:
 disguised themselves as men to join the army
 Became spies
 Took over businesses and farms
 Worked in factories
 Barriers for women fell, especially in the field of
nursing.
Decisive Battles
 General: Ambrose
Burnside
 Battle(s):
Fredericksburg
 Result: the Union
suffered almost
13,000 casualties
 General: Joseph Hooker
 Battle(s): Chancellorsville
 Result: Union force was smashed, Stonewall
Jackson died
 General: George Meade
 Battle(s): Gettysburg
 Result: Union victory that forced Lee out of the North
and cost Lee nearly a third of his soldiers, who could not
be replaced.
 General: Ulysses Grant
 Battle(s): Vicksburg
 Result: City is captured by the Union, and the
South loses all major strongholds on the
Mississippi River
 General: Ulysses Grant
 Battle(s): Petersburg
 Result: Lee’s army is trapped
 General: William Sherman
 Battle(s): Atlanta
 Result: the city of Atlanta is captured
 General: William Sherman
 Battle(s): “March to the Sea”
 Result: The South’s people and land are
devastated by total war
 General: Ulysses S Grant
 Battle(s): Richmond
 Result: Confederate national capital is taken and Lee
is forced to surrender his army.
 Lincoln looked ahead to victory in a speech in 1863




called the Gettysburg Address.
The capture of Atlanta gave Lincoln a victory in the
Presidential Election
Number of Union soldiers killed in the Civil War:
360,000
Number of Confederate soldiers killed in the Civil
War: 260,000
Key results of the Civil War:
 It reunited the Union
 It put an end to slavery.