Transcript Georgia 1877-1918

SS8H7 The student will
evaluate key political, social,
and economic changes that
occurred in Georgia between
1877 and 1918. (a, b, c, and d)
Reconstruction ends

 After Reconstruction the South was still in turmoil.
After suffering most of the war damage, how could it
resurrect itself and its economy?
 The South and Georgia picks itself up and tries to
rebuild politically and economically.
Bourbon Triumvirate

 “Bourbon” the name of a ruling class in France and
“Triumvirate” referring to a ruling body of three.
 Joseph E. Brown, Alfred Colquitt, John B. Gordon,
three men united in a common goal to rebuild the
south.
 They were bound together in the belief that in order
for GA’s economy to grow, we needed to expand our
ties with the industrial North.
 Wanted to keep many of the old southern tradition,
including the belief in white supremacy
 Active in GA politics from 1872-1890

Joseph E. Brown
John B. Gordon
Alfred H. Colquitt
Henry Grady

“Voice of the New South”
Graduated from University of Georgia
In 1880 became managing editor of Atlanta Constitution
In one of his most famous speeches he stressed the need
for industry in Georgia, particularly the textile mills
 One of the planners of the Atlanta 1881 International
Cotton Exposition (Expositions were an important way
for cities to attract visitors and business leaders.)

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Atlanta and the International
Cotton Exposition

 1895 International and Cotton States Exposition
opens
 It showcased the latest technology in transportation,
manufacturing, mining, agriculture, and other fields.
 Helped attract investor and highlighted Atlanta as a
regional business center
 Booker T. Washington gave the famous speech
known as the “Atlanta Compromise “

Courtesy of Atlanta
History Center
Archives
The Populists

 A new political party in the 1890’s
 Appealed to white farmers who had been struggling
due to low cotton prices, debt and high railroad
freight charges
 Developed out of the Farmers Alliance which was an
agricultural society
 Rose in opposition to the Democratic Party
 Was popular in many southern states but strongest
in Georgia
Tom Watson: a Powerful
Leader of his time - POPULIST

 Member of the Georgia General Assembly, the U.S.
House in 1890 and Senate in 1920
 Represented the Farmer’s Alliance and the Populist
Party, opposed national banks, paper money, and
wanted a decrease in taxes for low income citizens
 Succeeded in instituting an experimental program of
bringing free delivery of mail to rural areas (Rural
Free Delivery bill)
 Thomas E. Watson
 When many were
supporting Northern
industry, Watson
supported the
farmers and the
agrarian traditions
Political Cartoon of the time. Farmers needed
government assistance.
Rebecca Latimer Felton

 First women to serve in the
U.S. Senate
 Entered politics through
her husband, William
Felton’s political career
 They lived on a farm
outside Cartersville
 Supported many reform
movements such as the
end of the convict-lease
system and the women’s
suffrage movement
Plessy v. Ferguson

 “In the pivotal case of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, the
U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racially separate
facilities, if equal, did not violate the Constitution.
Segregation, the Court said, was not discrimination.”
 Homer Plessy was arrested in Louisiana for refusing
to move from a train seat reserved for whites
Jim Crow Laws and the
restriction of civil rights

 A group of laws in the South that were designed to
limit and restrict the civil rights of African Americans
 Based on white supremacy, these laws separated
people of color from whites in schools, housing, jobs,
and public gathering places.
 Through legal means they were prevented from voting
 Supreme Court supported these laws with the Plessy
v. Ferguson decision
Jim Crow
 “White citizen league
barring Black voters”
 Harpers Weekly
10/31/1874

Separate but
rarely equal.
The 1906 Atlanta Race Riot

 Occurred September 22-24, 1906
 Racial tensions were aggravated by wide spread
unemployment
 White mob attacked innocent blacks after the newspaper
erroneously reported that white women had been assaulted by
4 black men
 Lasted three days until the GA militia stepped in to control the
mob and arrested 250 men outside of Brownsville
 There were varying reports on the death total, it ranged from
twenty-five to forty African American deaths, but most
accounts agree that only two whites were killed.
October 7, 1906, issue of the French
publication Le Petit Journal.

Leo Frank Case

 Convicted of the murder of 13 year old Mary
Phagan, a young worker at National Pencil factory
 Because he was Jewish, the superintendent of the
pencil factory and from the north; he represented
many things southerners resented at the time
 After the governor commuted his sentence to life in
prison, a mob from Mary’s hometown of Marietta
took him from jail
 He was lynched on August 17, 1915
In 1986 the Georgia State
Board of Pardons and
Paroles pardoned Frank.
Differing ideas for
reaching equality

Booker T. Washington
 Popular spokesman for
African American rights
 Believed the best way to
equal rights was through
education, "industry, thrift,
intelligence and property.“
 Had a network of
supporters (many wealthy
northern philanthropists)
 Tuskegee Normal and
Industrial Institute
W.E.B. Dubois
 Founder of the Niagara
Movement that later
becomes the NAACP
(National Association for
the Advancement of
Colored People)
 Believed the best way to
equal rights was through
political representation and
the “talented tenth” or the
intellectual elite
Alonzo Herndon

 Born a slave and later becomes Atlanta’s first African
American millionaire
 Founder and president of Atlanta Mutual Life
Insurance Co
 Owned the Crystal Palace, a barbershop in Atlanta
that served elite white society of Atlanta
John and Lugenia Burns Hope

 Lugenia was the founder of the Atlanta
Neighborhood Union in 1908, which was a women
led self-help and social service organization
 John was an educator and politician that helped with
the Niagara Movement and the NAACP
 John was president of Morehouse College until his
death in 1936
Causes of World War I

 First war that involved the major powers of Europe, Italy,
France, Germany, Great Britain, Austria-Hungarian
Empire and Russia (1914-1918)
 Tensions over territory in the Balkans
 Many intertwined factors such as complex alliances
between nations
 A build up of military forces
 Imperialism and Nationalism
 The immediate cause was due to the assassination of the
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, by a
Serbian National
Six German soldiers in
trench with machine
gun(?) 40 meters from
the British during the
First World War.
From top: trenches on the western front,
German biplanes, British tank, Vickers machine
gun crew with gas masks, battleship
Sinking from striking a mine
The Great Powers
under the terror of
explosion in Balkans at
1912-3
Scenes from WWI
The U.S. Enters the War

 In May 1915, a German sub sinks the ship the
Lusitania, which had American cargo and citizens
on board
 Then the British intercept and decode a German
telegram known as the Zimmerman telegram
which urged Mexico to join the war in exchange
for U.S. territory in the southwest
R.M.S. Lusitania, hit
by torpedos off
Kinsale Head, Ireland
Georgia’s involvement with
the War

 Ft. Benning, Ft. Gordon, become military institutions
during the war, Ft. McPherson become a POW camp for
German sub crew
 Railroads carried troops and munitions to port
 Farmers grew crops, tobacco and livestock for troops
 Textile mills produced fabric for uniforms
 3000 Georgians died for the cause
Review

 Key social, economic, and political events in 18771918
 Analyze how rights were denied to African
Americans
 Role of key African American in Atlanta
 Reason for WWI and Georgia’s contributions