Transcript Psychology 20 - Bev Facey Community High School

Psychology 20
History of Schools of thought and
Elements of Learning
Defining
Psychology
Observe the behaviour in the pictures on page 2 and 4.
Observe the photo’s on pages 2 to 4 --- What types of behaviour
can you identify?
What visual clues did you see to formulate your answer?
Nature vs Nurture
How many people believe that you are born
with your personality?
How many people believe that your
environment determines your personality?
What kind of environments/situations
are people exposed to when developing?
Shaping
Shaping – reinforcing positive and negative behaviour
See figure 1.3 in your textbook. ( p. 6 )
Explain in your own terms what the cartoon is trying to show:
“ Give me a dozen healthy infants
and my own specific world to bring
them up in and I’ll guarantee to take
any one and train him or her to
become any type of specialist I
might want to select...
-- John B. Watson
1. How does this quote reflect the idea of
shaping?
2.Do you agree or disagree with this theory?
Explain your reasons:
3. What, if any, are the limits to shaping?
4. If John Watson is correct, is there such a
thing as free will?
Read ‘Psychology Update” on page 40
• What does the ‘update’ state about shaping
animals?
Psychology & Literature -- Shaping
• Many fairy tales and fables end with moral or
lessons about right and wrong behaviour. You
are to choose one of the following and answer
the following questions: ( max groups of 3 )
• The Ugly Duckling
• The Brave Tin Soldier
• Chicken Little
• The Golden Goose
Fairy Tale Questions
• What was the moral?
• What behaviours are identified in the story? ( Eg.
Jealousy , greed,.... )
• What animals were used in the tale?
• What ‘human’ behaviours did those animals display?
• How might the story shape a child’s behaviour?
Naturalistic Observation
• Analyzing the behaviour of
humans and other animals
in their environment.
• What do you feel are the
advantages and
disadvantages of
naturalistic observations
vs observation?
Scientific Method
• specific problem
• Formulate hypothesis
• ( what does this mean?)
• Collect data through
observation and
experiment
• Analyze data
History of Psychology
Read pages 10 and 11 and give a quick summary
about the following:
• Greek Philosophers (4th Century)
• Nicolaus Copernicus (1550)
• Galileo (17th Century)
• Dualism (17th Century)
• Rene Descartes, Biologist ( 19th Century )
Overview of some key figures:
• Sigmund Freud
psychoanalysis
From Vienna, Austria
Studied the unconscious mind
Free Association – avoid censoring thoughts
Dream Analysis – unconscious revealing primitive
urges ( eat, sleep, .... )
• Sir Francis Galton
– 19th century mathematician and scientist
– Heredity influences a person’s character and
behaviour
– Traced ancestry and found greatness runs in
families
– Invented procedures primitive to modern
personality tests
• Ivan Pavlov
– Behaviourism – investigate observable behaviour
– Nobel Prize in 1904 – physiology of digestion
– Tuning fork – dog food – salivate = tuning fork –
salivate
– Stimulus and response
B F. Skinner
American behavioural psychologist
Utopia – conditioning behaviour with rewards
and punishments
novelist
social visionary
• Carl Rogers / Abraham
Maslow
– Humanistic psychology –
backlash to behavioural
– Human nature as active and
creative
– Maslow’s hierarchy – pyramid
of self actualization
Read page 7 – Elephant and 3 blind
men
• What is the lesson of this story in terms of psychology?
• Do you believe that dreams, feelings and fantasies are also an
important part of human behaviour? Why or why not?