Transcript Document

Guest Presentation for UST 610
Geographic Information
Systems/Science (GIS)
Jim Wyles, GISP
College Lecturer in GIS
([email protected])
What is GIS?
•
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are
computerized systems designed for the storage,
retrieval and analysis of geographically
referenced data
•
GIS uses advanced analytical tools to explore at
a scientific level the spatial relationships,
patterns, and processes of cultural, biological,
demographic, economic, geographic, and
physical phenomena
A GIS Journey
National Geographic Video (by ESRI): 10 min.
URL: http://video.esri.com/watch/968/a-gis-journey
Some other interesting GIS videos:
GIS Definition Video Clip (by ESRI)
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog469/node/200 (by Penn State University)
Why does GIS matter?
Why does GIS matter?
• 80% of local government activities estimated
to be geographically based
• a significant portion of state government has a
geographical component
• businesses use GIS for a very wide array of
applications
• military and defense
• scientific research employs GIS
Examples of Applied GIS
•
Urban Planning, Management &
Policy
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
–
–
–
Monitoring environmental risk
Modeling stormwater runoff
Management of watersheds,
floodplains, wetlands, forests,
aquifers
Environmental Impact Analysis
Hazardous or toxic facility siting
Groundwater modeling and
contamination tracking
Political Science
–
–
–
Redistricting
Analysis of election results
Predictive modeling
Civil Engineering/Utility
–
–
–
•
•
Attendance Area Maintenance
Enrollment Projections
School Bus Routing
Real Estate
–
–
–
•
Demographic Analysis
Market Penetration/ Share Analysis
Site Selection
Education Administration
–
–
–
•
Locating underground facilities
Designing alignment for freeways, transit
Coordination of infrastructure
maintenance
Business
–
–
–
Environmental Sciences
–
–
–
•
Zoning, subdivision planning
Land acquisition
Economic development
Code enforcement
Housing renovation programs
Emergency response
Crime analysis
Tax assessment
•
Neighborhood land prices
Traffic Impact Analysis
Determination of Highest and Best Use
Health Care
–
–
–
Epidemiology
Needs Analysis
Service Inventory
“Almost everything that happens,
happens somewhere. Knowing where
and when something happens is
critically important.”
Longley et al. (2001), Geographic Information Systems and Science, John Wiley & Sons, p.2.
• What kinds of people live in the 10th Congressional District?
• Where should I open my next clothing outlet store?
• Where should I dig up the road to gain access to the gas
main?
• How can my authority best respond to the needs of those
single parent families with low income and poor housing?
• How can I find a famous Italian restaurant in this city and
which route would be the fastest way?
Geographic (Geospatial) Problems
Maps and GIS
Mapping does not always
mean doing GIS!
However, a map can be transformed
to either spatial information or
spatial knowledge depending on
how you use GIS.
Maps and projects using GIS from
Northern Ohio Data & Information Service
(NODIS)
NODIS GIS maps
Geographic Problems
• Location…Where is it?
– Where are my competitors?
• Proximity…What is near?
– What banks are within 2 miles of my home?
• Patterns…How is it distributed?
– Public facilities, population (age specific), land use…
• Modeling…What if…?
– A chemical tanker truck spills toxic chemical into
storm sewer. Where will the chemical travel within
one hour?
How can we solve geographic
problems?
Data (spatial/non-spatial)
Spatial queries and reasoning
Visualization
GIS supports all the problem solving
processes through:
Spatial data integration
Spatial data analysis (tools)
Spatial information/knowledge
visualization
The Power of GIS:
Data Integration
• Link basemap with:
– Residential data
– Agency data
– Scanned documents,
images or videos
– Global positioning
system data
• Backdrop with:
– Digital aerial imagery or
– Satellite imagery
Real-World Examples
October 10, 2007 CSX Train Derailment (Painesville, OH)
Incident Action Plan Map
Source: Lake County GIS Department
Impacted Property Ownership Data Provided
Source: Lake County GIS Department
Floodplain houses - FEMA maps with needed structure info.
Emergency Preparation
Source: Lake County GIS Department
Hazardous materials teams can have toxic
plumes and at-risk populations mapped
Source: Lake County GIS Department
Park Service Areas
1/4 mile
1 mile
1/2 mile
2 mile
Parks
Source: Leah J. Pesek (GIS Capstone Project, 2009)
3 mile
GIS project examples
The following are links to a sampling of my projects:
Water Distribution Infrastructure- City of Cleveland, Water Division
Water Utility Service Dispute- GIS Expert Witness: City of Zanesville, OH
Bioindicators Project- Ohio EPA
Locate "Mega" Retail and Grocery Store using demographics- Kramer & Associates
Ohio Redistricting Competition Workshop using ArcGIS districting software- Ohio
Secretary of State
Market Penetration of Chemical Coating Facilities- Sherwin-Williams Co.
Locate Additional Children's Activity Center- Horizon Activities Center
• UST 610-486/586 coordination
• Use NEOCANDO to see list of possible 2010 Census
variables
More information about GIS?
• If you want to know more about GIS or
GIS Certificate Program of Levin
College, contact me:
– Email: [email protected]
– Phone: (216) 687-2221
– Office: UR 123