Transcript Diapositiva 1

CONFINE SPACE
A CONFINE SPACE IS
Any area or container that has:
• A limited openings for entry and exit,
• unfavorable natural ventilation that could contain or
produce dangerous air contaminants, and
• not intended for continuous employee occupancy.
EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
boilers
cupolas
degreasers
furnaces
pipelines
pits
pumping stations
EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
or process vessels
septic tanks
sewage digesters
sewers
silos
storage tanks
ships holds
tunnels
EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
• underground utility vaults
• vats
• ventilation and exhaust ducts
WHY DO PEOPLE ENTER INTO CONFINE
SPACES?
• People enter to perform inspection, repair,
maintenance (cleaning or painting), control
collision .
• Entry may also be during new construction.
•
Major reasons is to carry out work or important activities
COMMON HAZARDS IN MOST CONFINE
SPACES
•
•
•
•
•
Oxygen-Deficient atmospheres
Flammable atmospheres
Toxic atmospheres
Falling objects
Trapped in between
OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES
• Oxygen-Deficient atmospheres have less than 19.5%
oxygen and should not be entered without approved selfcontained breathing apparatus (SCBA). The type of work
being done (welding, cutting or brazing) or certain chemical
reactions (rusting) or bacterial action (fermentation) can
reduce the oxygen level. Or oxygen can be replaced by a
heavier gas (carbon dioxide or nitrogen).
FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES
• Flammable atmospheres are caused by an oxygenenriched atmosphere (above 21 percent), and a flammable
gas, vapor or dust in the proper proportion. If sparking,
electrical tool or other source of ignition is used in this
scenario and explosion will occur.
TOXIC ATMOSPHERES
• Toxic atmospheres are created from toxic substances from
the:
• Product stored in the space
• Work being performed in a confined space
• Areas adjacent to the confined space
• Product stored in the space can be absorbed into the walls
and give off toxic gases when removed. Toxic gases can
be given off when cleaning out residue of the stored
product.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
• Temperature extremes—extremely hot or cold
temperatures can cause harm to workers.
• Engulfment—Grain, sand, coal or other loose, granular
material stored in bins and hoppers can engulf and
suffocate a worker. It can also form a crust or bridge in a
bin and break loose under the weight of a worker.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
• Noise—amplifies in a confined space and damage the
worker’s hearing and interfere with communications and
shouted warnings.
• Slick or Wet Surfaces—Slips and falls can cause injuries
and deaths and increase the risk and results of electric
shock from circuits, equipment and tools.
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• Atmosphere Testing
• Some gases and vapors are heavier than air (hydrogen
sulfide) and sink to the bottom of confined spaces, others
are lighter than air (methane) and rise to the top of the
spaces, and others are same weight as air (carbon
monoxide).
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• Atmosphere Testing
Therefore, it is important to test top, middle and bottom of the
confined space from the outside with a properly calibrated
instrument to find out what gases are present. If oxygen
deficiency or toxic gases or vapors are found, ventilate and
retest before workers are allowed to enter. If ventilation is
impossible and entry is necessary (emergency rescue)
provide workers with appropriate respiratory protection.
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• Artificial ventilation
A blower or fan is used to remove
toxic gases and vapors from a
confined space. The method
and equipment used depend
on the size of the entry, the
gases to be exhausted and the
source of air replacement air.
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• ISOLATION
The confined space is removed from service
by lockout (electrical sources), blanking and
bleeding (pneumatic and hydraulic
lines), disconnecting (belt and chain drives, and
mechanical linkages on shaft-driven equipment
where possible) and securing (mechanical moving
parts with latches, chains, chocks and blocks).
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• RESPIRATORS
Respirators are personal protective equipment that allows
workers to safely breathe without inhaling toxic gases or
particles. Air-purifying respirator filters dangerous substances
from the air. Air-supplying respirators deliver a supply of safe
air from a tank or an uncontaminated area nearby. Select the
proper PPE for the job, the hazard and the person. Thoroughly
train workers in the use and limitations of respirators before
they are allowed to use them in a confined space situation.
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• STAND BY RESCUE TEAM
More than 50 percent of the workers who die in confined spaces
are attempting to rescue others. Rescuers must be trained to
follow established emergency procedures and use proper
equipment and techniques. Rescues should be planned and
drills should be run to get people familiar with emergency
procedures.
WARNING.
• ALL CONFINE SPACES REQUIRES PROPER JHA AND
WRITTEN PERMIT SYSTEMS BEFORE ENTERING.
• Never trust your senses to determine if the air in a confined
space is safe. Many toxic gases and vapors are invisible and
odorless, and the percentage of oxygen cannot be determined
by any of the five senses.
WARNING.
• A person should be assigned to remain on standby outside of
the confined space and remain in constant communication
with the worker(s) inside. They should only enter the space
after help arrives and only with the proper lifelines and
respirators.
CONFINE SPACE
A CONFINE SPACE IS
Any area or container that has:
• A limited openings for entry and exit,
• unfavorable natural ventilation that could contain or
produce dangerous air contaminants, and
• not intended for continuous employee occupancy.
EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
boilers
cupolas
degreasers
furnaces
pipelines
pits
pumping stations
EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
or process vessels
septic tanks
sewage digesters
sewers
silos
storage tanks
ships holds
tunnels
EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
• underground utility vaults
• vats
• ventilation and exhaust ducts
WHY DO PEOPLE ENTER INTO CONFINE
SPACES?
• People enter to perform inspection, repair,
maintenance (cleaning or painting), control
collision .
• Entry may also be during new construction.
•
Major reasons is to carry out work or important activities
COMMON HAZARDS IN MOST CONFINE
SPACES
•
•
•
•
•
Oxygen-Deficient atmospheres
Flammable atmospheres
Toxic atmospheres
Falling objects
Trapped in between
OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES
• Oxygen-Deficient atmospheres have less than 19.5%
oxygen and should not be entered without approved selfcontained breathing apparatus (SCBA). The type of work
being done (welding, cutting or brazing) or certain chemical
reactions (rusting) or bacterial action (fermentation) can
reduce the oxygen level. Or oxygen can be replaced by a
heavier gas (carbon dioxide or nitrogen).
FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES
• Flammable atmospheres are caused by an oxygenenriched atmosphere (above 21 percent), and a flammable
gas, vapor or dust in the proper proportion. If sparking,
electrical tool or other source of ignition is used in this
scenario and explosion will occur.
TOXIC ATMOSPHERES
• Toxic atmospheres are created from toxic substances from
the:
• Product stored in the space
• Work being performed in a confined space
• Areas adjacent to the confined space
• Product stored in the space can be absorbed into the walls
and give off toxic gases when removed. Toxic gases can
be given off when cleaning out residue of the stored
product.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
• Temperature extremes—extremely hot or cold
temperatures can cause harm to workers.
• Engulfment—Grain, sand, coal or other loose, granular
material stored in bins and hoppers can engulf and
suffocate a worker. It can also form a crust or bridge in a
bin and break loose under the weight of a worker.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
• Noise—amplifies in a confined space and damage the
worker’s hearing and interfere with communications and
shouted warnings.
• Slick or Wet Surfaces—Slips and falls can cause injuries
and deaths and increase the risk and results of electric
shock from circuits, equipment and tools.
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• Atmosphere Testing
• Some gases and vapors are heavier than air (hydrogen
sulfide) and sink to the bottom of confined spaces, others
are lighter than air (methane) and rise to the top of the
spaces, and others are same weight as air (carbon
monoxide).
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• Atmosphere Testing
Therefore, it is important to test top, middle and bottom of the
confined space from the outside with a properly calibrated
instrument to find out what gases are present. If oxygen
deficiency or toxic gases or vapors are found, ventilate and
retest before workers are allowed to enter. If ventilation is
impossible and entry is necessary (emergency rescue)
provide workers with appropriate respiratory protection.
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• Artificial ventilation
A blower or fan is used to remove
toxic gases and vapors from a
confined space. The method
and equipment used depend
on the size of the entry, the
gases to be exhausted and the
source of air replacement air.
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• ISOLATION
The confined space is removed from service
by lockout (electrical sources), blanking and
bleeding (pneumatic and hydraulic
lines), disconnecting (belt and chain drives, and
mechanical linkages on shaft-driven equipment
where possible) and securing (mechanical moving
parts with latches, chains, chocks and blocks).
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• RESPIRATORS
Respirators are personal protective equipment that allows
workers to safely breathe without inhaling toxic gases or
particles. Air-purifying respirator filters dangerous substances
from the air. Air-supplying respirators deliver a supply of safe
air from a tank or an uncontaminated area nearby. Select the
proper PPE for the job, the hazard and the person. Thoroughly
train workers in the use and limitations of respirators before
they are allowed to use them in a confined space situation.
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• STAND BY RESCUE TEAM
More than 50 percent of the workers who die in confined spaces
are attempting to rescue others. Rescuers must be trained to
follow established emergency procedures and use proper
equipment and techniques. Rescues should be planned and
drills should be run to get people familiar with emergency
procedures.
WARNING.
• ALL CONFINE SPACES REQUIRE PROPER JHA AND
WRITTEN PERMIT SYSTEMS BEFORE ENTERING.
• Never trust your senses to determine if the air in a confined
space is safe. Many toxic gases and vapors are invisible and
odorless, and the percentage of oxygen cannot be determined
by any of the five senses.
WARNING.
• A person should be assigned to remain on standby outside of
the confined space and remain in constant communication
with the worker(s) inside. They should only enter the space
after help arrives and only with the proper lifelines and
respirators.
THE END
• THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS YOU
CONFINE SPACE
A CONFINE SPACE IS
Any area or container that has:
• A limited openings for entry and exit,
• unfavorable natural ventilation that could contain or
produce dangerous air contaminants, and
• not intended for continuous employee occupancy.
EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
boilers
cupolas
degreasers
furnaces
pipelines
pits
pumping stations
EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
or process vessels
septic tanks
sewage digesters
sewers
silos
storage tanks
ships holds
tunnels
EXAMPLES OF A CONFINE SPACE
• underground utility vaults
• vats
• ventilation and exhaust ducts
WHY DO PEOPLE ENTER INTO CONFINE
SPACES?
• People enter to perform inspection, repair,
maintenance (cleaning or painting), control
collision .
• Entry may also be during new construction.
•
Major reasons is to carry out work or important activities
COMMON HAZARDS IN MOST CONFINE
SPACES
•
•
•
•
•
Oxygen-Deficient atmospheres
Flammable atmospheres
Toxic atmospheres
Falling objects
Trapped in between
OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES
• Oxygen-Deficient atmospheres have less than 19.5%
oxygen and should not be entered without approved selfcontained breathing apparatus (SCBA). The type of work
being done (welding, cutting or brazing) or certain chemical
reactions (rusting) or bacterial action (fermentation) can
reduce the oxygen level. Or oxygen can be replaced by a
heavier gas (carbon dioxide or nitrogen).
FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERES
• Flammable atmospheres are caused by an oxygenenriched atmosphere (above 21 percent), and a flammable
gas, vapor or dust in the proper proportion. If sparking,
electrical tool or other source of ignition is used in this
scenario and explosion will occur.
TOXIC ATMOSPHERES
• Toxic atmospheres are created from toxic substances from
the:
• Product stored in the space
• Work being performed in a confined space
• Areas adjacent to the confined space
• Product stored in the space can be absorbed into the walls
and give off toxic gases when removed. Toxic gases can
be given off when cleaning out residue of the stored
product.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
• Temperature extremes—extremely hot or cold
temperatures can cause harm to workers.
• Engulfment—Grain, sand, coal or other loose, granular
material stored in bins and hoppers can engulf and
suffocate a worker. It can also form a crust or bridge in a
bin and break loose under the weight of a worker.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
• Noise—amplifies in a confined space and damage the
worker’s hearing and interfere with communications and
shouted warnings.
• Slick or Wet Surfaces—Slips and falls can cause injuries
and deaths and increase the risk and results of electric
shock from circuits, equipment and tools.
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• Atmosphere Testing
• Some gases and vapors are heavier than air (hydrogen
sulfide) and sink to the bottom of confined spaces, others
are lighter than air (methane) and rise to the top of the
spaces, and others are same weight as air (carbon
monoxide).
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• Atmosphere Testing
Therefore, it is important to test top, middle and bottom of the
confined space from the outside with a properly calibrated
instrument to find out what gases are present. If oxygen
deficiency or toxic gases or vapors are found, ventilate and
retest before workers are allowed to enter. If ventilation is
impossible and entry is necessary (emergency rescue)
provide workers with appropriate respiratory protection.
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• Artificial ventilation
A blower or fan is used to remove
toxic gases and vapors from a
confined space. The method
and equipment used depend
on the size of the entry, the
gases to be exhausted and the
source of air replacement air.
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• ISOLATION
The confined space is removed from service
by lockout (electrical sources), blanking and
bleeding (pneumatic and hydraulic
lines), disconnecting (belt and chain drives, and
mechanical linkages on shaft-driven equipment
where possible) and securing (mechanical moving
parts with latches, chains, chocks and blocks).
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• RESPIRATORS
Respirators are personal protective equipment that allows
workers to safely breathe without inhaling toxic gases or
particles. Air-purifying respirator filters dangerous substances
from the air. Air-supplying respirators deliver a supply of safe
air from a tank or an uncontaminated area nearby. Select the
proper PPE for the job, the hazard and the person. Thoroughly
train workers in the use and limitations of respirators before
they are allowed to use them in a confined space situation.
CONFINE SPACE RISK MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES.
• STAND BY RESCUE TEAM
More than 50 percent of the workers who die in confined spaces
are attempting to rescue others. Rescuers must be trained to
follow established emergency procedures and use proper
equipment and techniques. Rescues should be planned and
drills should be run to get people familiar with emergency
procedures.
WARNING.
• ALL CONFINE SPACES REQUIRE PROPER JHA AND
WRITTEN PERMIT SYSTEMS BEFORE ENTERING.
• Never trust your senses to determine if the air in a confined
space is safe. Many toxic gases and vapors are invisible and
odorless, and the percentage of oxygen cannot be determined
by any of the five senses.
WARNING.
• A person should be assigned to remain on standby outside of
the confined space and remain in constant communication
with the worker(s) inside. They should only enter the space
after help arrives and only with the proper lifelines and
respirators.