Unit 3 The Skeletal System

25. Unit 2 Notebook Check 27. Skeleton Labels 28. Anatomy of a Long Bone 32. The Spine 33. Joints (notes and – glue and get signed 26. Introduction to the Skeletal System 29. Bone Research (blue sheets) 30. Microscopic Bone Anatomy 31. Bone Lab – will finish this week homework ) 34. Skeletal System Diseases - TOMORROW 35. Unit 3 Review – DUE MONDAY 36. Notebook Check #3 - FRIDAY

Test Friday 11/14

Test Today!!

Cranium Clavicle Scapula Sternum Humerus Vertebrae Ischium Illium Sacrum Femur Radius Ulna Patella Tibia Fibula Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges

#26 Introduction to the Skeletal System page 134 and 135

I. Greek meaning of skeleton II. Subdivisions of skeleton III. Structures of the skeletal system (4) IV. Functions of bones (5) V. The adult skeleton has ______ bones VI. Two types of osseous tissue VII.Bone classification (4) **Define all bold words** Q&A: 1) What is the relationship between muscle function and bones? 2) Where are most long bones found in the body?

#26 Introduction to the Skeletal System page 134 and 135

I. Greek meaning of skeleton II. Subdivisions of skeleton III. Structures of the skeletal system (4) .

IV. Functions of bones (5) .

V. The adult skeleton has ______ bones VI. Two types of osseous tissue VII.Bone classification (4)

Q&A

1) What is the relationship between muscle function and bones?

2) Where are most long bones found in the body?

Test Today!!

• • • •

#28 Anatomy of a Long Bone pages 135 - 137

Color according to the key on the right Label each letter neatly with its name (see word bank below) Define each.

Answer the questions that follow (tomorrow).

periosteum, compact bone, epiphysis, diaphysis, epiphysial line, articular cartilage, medullary cavity, nutrient artery, spongy bone a) No color b) No color c) Green d) Dark blue e) Light blue f) Pink g) Yellow h) Red j) Purple

Analysis Questions - #28 continued

1) ______________ bone tissue is arranged in concentric layers.

2) Spongy bone is also called _______________.

3) The bone epiphysis are covered in articular cartilage because… 4) Yellow bone marrow is found in the… 5) Yellow bone marrow is… 6) The purpose of red bone marrow is… 7) Give an example of each: short, irregular, long, flat bones

Analysis Questions - #28 continued

1) ______________ bone tissue is arranged in concentric layers.

2) Spongy bone is also called _______________.

3) The bone epiphysis are covered in articular cartilage because… 4) Yellow bone marrow is found in the… 5) Yellow bone marrow is… 6) The purpose of red bone marrow is… 7) Give an example of each: short, irregular, long, flat bones

Analysis Questions - #28 continued

1) ______________ bone tissue is arranged in concentric layers.

2) Spongy bone is also called _______________.

3) The bone epiphysis are covered in articular cartilage because… 4) Yellow bone marrow is found in the… 5) Yellow bone marrow is… 6) The purpose of red bone marrow is… 7) Give an example of each: short, irregular, long, flat bones

• • • • • A1 = articular cartilage = green – Cushions, protects and prevents friction between bones B = lacuna(e) = light blue – Little spaces that house osteocytes D = collagen fibers = pink – Structural component of all connective tissue F1 = periosteum = white – Membrane that covers outer surface of all bones M = spongy bone = red – Highly vascular; contains red bone marrow

• • • • G = compact bone = yellow – Hard outer portion of the bone G1 = lamellae = orange – “thin plates,” concentric layers of bone in osteon H = central canal = white – Runs lengthwise thru bone and contain blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels.

I = osteocyte = white – – Bone cells Release calcium from bone

• • • J = canaliculi = purple – Radiate from lacunae and carry nutrients and wastes to or from the blood vessels and osteocytes.

K = Volkmann’s or perforating Canal = dark blue – Run at right angles to the central canal – Extend the nerves and blood vessels outward to periosteum L = blood vessel = red – Carry blood that contains nutrients and wastes

Osteon or Haversian system: Cylinders of bone

• • • • • 33 IRREGULAR bones = vertebrae Tied tightly together by ligaments Intervertebral disks – fibrocartilage with jelly-like center Flexible and strong spine 5 regions: – Cervical: C1-C7 bones, neck, supports skull – Thoracic: T1-T12 bones, forms the chest with the ribs – – – Lumbar: L1-L5 bones, lower back, largest/thickest vertebrae Sacrum: 5 bones fused together, triangular, part of hip Coccyx: 4 bones fused together, evolutionary remnants of a tail

• • • • • • • 7. Cervical Spine 7 bones 8. Thoracic Spine 12 bones 9. Lumbar Spine 5 bones 10. Sacrum (5 fused) 11. Coccyx (4 fused) 12. atlas 13. axis

• • • • • • • • • 12. C1 = Atlas – articulates with skull, no body, allows for nodding and rotation 13. C2 = Axis – forms pivot for C1 14. Centrum – center of body 15. Transverse Process – muscle and ligament attachment, rib articulation with thoracic vert.

16. Spinous Process – backward/downward, muscle and ligament attachment 17a. Articular Process – fit with adjacent vertebrae to make back like a stable puzzle 4. Body 5. white = Fibrocartilage Vertebral Foramen – houses and protects spinal cord