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How Adults Learn Dorothee Spuhler (seecon international gmbh), Tuseko Sindano (Water and Sanitation Association of Zambia) How Adults Learn 1 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. Copyright & Disclaimer Copy it, adapt it, use it – but acknowledge the source! Copyright Included in the SSWM Toolbox are materials from various organisations and sources. Those materials are open source. Following the opensource concept for capacity building and non-profit use, copying and adapting is allowed provided proper acknowledgement of the source is made (see below). The publication of these materials in the SSWM Toolbox does not alter any existing copyrights. Material published in the SSWM Toolbox for the first time follows the same open-source concept, with all rights remaining with the original authors or producing organisations. To view an official copy of the the Creative Commons Attribution Works 3.0 Unported License we build upon, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0. This agreement officially states that: You are free to: • Share - to copy, distribute and transmit this document • Remix - to adapt this document. We would appreciate receiving a copy of any changes that you have made to improve this document. Under the following conditions: • Attribution: You must always give the original authors or publishing agencies credit for the document or picture you are using. Disclaimer The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or supporting partner organisations. Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and the suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with respect to the results that may be obtained from the use of the information provided. How Adults Learn Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. Contents 1. Introduction to Learning 2. Learning Concepts and Styles 3. Practical Toolkit How Adults Learn 3 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 1. Introduction to Learning What are the Differences in How Children and How Adults Learn? Brainstorming • 5 min discussion with your neigbour • Share with the whole group Source: http://-photos-images/1436R-361268 and www.superstock.com/stock [Accessed: 20.06.2012] How Adults Learn 4 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 1. Introduction to Learning Definition of Learning 1. Knowledge acquired by systematic study in any field of scholarly application. 2. The act or process of acquiring knowledge or skill. 3. The modification of behaviour through practice, training, or experience. Source: www.dictionary.com [Accessed: 20.06.2012] How Adults Learn 6 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles How Do We Learn? Brainstorming People learn by... • ? • ? • ? How Adults Learn 7 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles How Do We Learn? How Adults Learn Brainstorming 8 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles Methods of Learning People learn by... • Attending lectures • Reading/ Researching • Hearing • Seeing • Feeling • Doing/ Actively participating • Teaching How Adults Learn 9 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles How Do We Best Retain, What We Have Learnt? Brainstorming How Adults Learn 10 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles How Do We Best Retain, What We Have Learnt? How Adults Learn 11 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles Average Student Retention Rates Source: http://stephenslighthouse.com/2010/02/26/the-learning-pyramid/ [Accessed: 20.06.2012] How Adults Learn 12 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles According to Research on Learning, Students... 1. ...Build on prior knowledge – e.g. learning needs assessment 2. ...Need effective structure – e.g. define objectives, learning targets, key learnings etc. 3. ...Have to actively participate 4. ...Should practise often/ Get constructive feedback – e.g. different teaching methods 5. ...Require multiple representations (e.g. Graphs, tables) 6. ...Need to understand the way they learn – e.g. ToTs, different types of “learners” Source: http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/careerprep/teaching/learning.html [Accessed: 20.06.2012] How Adults Learn 13 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles 3. Students Have to actively participate Inquiry based learning: Source: http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/careerprep/teaching/learning.html [Accessed: 16.01.2013] How Adults Learn 14 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles 4. Students Should Practise Often and Get Constructive Feedback Basic Information-Processing Model of Human Cognition of Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) Source: http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/careerprep/teaching/learning.html#schemes [Accessed: 16.01.2013] How Adults Learn 15 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles 6. Students Need to Understand the Way they Learn One classification of learning styles: --> Source: http://linkup.tafesa.edu.au/learning_styles_evaluation.html [Accessed: 20.06.2012] How Adults Learn 16 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles Adventurous Learner ‘Do it my own way’ • Ability to translate ideas into reality • Independent, impulsive & innovative • Thrive on challenge & change • Strong-willed and avoid conforming • Ambitious visions • Leaders, not followers Source: http://linkup.tafesa.edu.au/learning_styles_evaluation.html [Accessed: 20.06.2012] How Adults Learn 17 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles Social Learner Enjoys sharing the journey with others • Intuitive of people's feelings and well being • Spontaneous random approach to things • Skilled communicators • Strong values and morals • Seek personal meaning for their lives • Guided by their heart rather than their head Source: http://linkup.tafesa.edu.au/learning_styles_evaluation.html [Accessed: 20.06.2012] How Adults Learn 18 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles Practical Learner Down to earth with a 'hands-on' approach • Focus on things they can see, hear, touch etc • Like to get the job done right and on time • Like stability, structure and order • Pursue perfection • Predictable, dependable and reliable • Interested in how things work Source: http://linkup.tafesa.edu.au/learning_styles_evaluation.html [Accessed: 20.06.2012] How Adults Learn 19 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles Conceptual Learner Intense thinkers seeking deep understanding • Thinking is not limited by reality • Systematic, logical and rational • Seeks deep understanding • Take time to research and reflect on things • Very thorough • Enjoys independent research Source: http://linkup.tafesa.edu.au/learning_styles_evaluation.html [Accessed: 20.06.2012] How Adults Learn 20 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles What Type of Learner Are You? Energiser Time: 5 minutes How Adults Learn 21 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles A Different Classification of Learning Styles 3 General Learning Styles: Visual (see) “Show me” Auditory (hear) “Tell me” Kinethetic (feel) “Let me do it” How Adults Learn 22 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. Learning Concepts and Styles Share Your Learning Experience: What Makes a Good Teacher? Brainstorming • Who was your best teacher? • Why were they your best teacher, use key words to describe them? • 5 min discussion with your neigbour • Share with the whole group How Adults Learn 23 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 3. Practical Toolkit Do’s and Don’ts • Smile • Keep eye contact • Establish norms • Dress smart & comfortable • Tap wealth of wisdom • Be enthusiastic • Observe content, layout, presentation • Use your body (arms, step forth and back) to bring a “melody” in what you are saying How Adults Learn • Turn your back to audience • Speak in low tone • Discourage • Do all the talking • Disrespect others opinions • Be disorganised • Speak fast 25 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 3. Practical Toolkit Reminder to Help you Designing Your Training The 4 A’s: Activity Structured learning exercise or activity that is used to introduce a topic. Should be brief, related to the topic, and enable the participants to participate in the learning process. Analysis or reflective feedback Builds on the previous activity. Questions are asked on what the participants gained or learned from the activity. Abstraction or integration Builds on analysis. Explanation of technical content related to the topic. Application or practical synthesis Builds on abstraction. Introduction to how the concepts can be applied in real life situations. How Adults Learn 26 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 3. Practical Toolkit "Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself." - Chinese Proverb How Adults Learn 27 “Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture” SSWM is an initiative supported by: Created by: How Adults Learn 28